Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Olfaction

Olfaction

The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

EXPRESS: Parvalbumin interneurons contribute to spontaneous hemodynamic fluctuations.

Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism·2026

Same author

Substance P regulates Tacr1 neurons, which control nitric oxide-mediated neurovascular coupling in the mouse cortex.

Science advances·2026

Same author

Author Correction: Polymer-mRNA complexes for monocyte-trafficked, lymph node-targeted cancer vaccination.

Nature biomedical engineering·2026

Same author

Pilot Evaluation of Rapid 2D Brain MR Elastography in Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus.

AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology·2026

Same author

Homozygous CHD8 mutation intensifies ASD phenotypes and attenuates sex differences.

Molecular psychiatry·2026

Same author

Chronic alteration of Ca<sup>2+</sup> and hemodynamic signals induced by intracortical microstimulation in the visual cortex of awake mice.

Biomaterials·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 20, 2026

An Objective and Reproducible Test of Olfactory Learning and Discrimination in Mice

An Objective and Reproducible Test of Olfactory Learning and Discrimination in Mice

Published on: March 22, 2018

Improved spatial accuracy of functional maps in the rat olfactory bulb using supervised machine learning approach.

Matthew C Murphy¹, Alexander J Poplawsky², Alberto L Vazquez²

¹Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.

|May 29, 2016

Summary

This study developed a data-driven model to enhance the spatial accuracy of functional MRI (fMRI) activation maps in rat olfactory bulbs. The new model improves fMRI spatial accuracy, particularly for BOLD images.

More Related Videos

Imaging Odor-Evoked Activities in the Mouse Olfactory Bulb using Optical Reflectance and Autofluorescence Signals

Imaging Odor-Evoked Activities in the Mouse Olfactory Bulb using Optical Reflectance and Autofluorescence Signals

Published on: October 31, 2011

A Lateralized Odor Learning Model in Neonatal Rats for Dissecting Neural Circuitry Underpinning Memory Formation

A Lateralized Odor Learning Model in Neonatal Rats for Dissecting Neural Circuitry Underpinning Memory Formation

Published on: August 18, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 20, 2026

An Objective and Reproducible Test of Olfactory Learning and Discrimination in Mice

An Objective and Reproducible Test of Olfactory Learning and Discrimination in Mice

Published on: March 22, 2018

Imaging Odor-Evoked Activities in the Mouse Olfactory Bulb using Optical Reflectance and Autofluorescence Signals

Imaging Odor-Evoked Activities in the Mouse Olfactory Bulb using Optical Reflectance and Autofluorescence Signals

Published on: October 31, 2011

A Lateralized Odor Learning Model in Neonatal Rats for Dissecting Neural Circuitry Underpinning Memory Formation

A Lateralized Odor Learning Model in Neonatal Rats for Dissecting Neural Circuitry Underpinning Memory Formation

Published on: August 18, 2014

Area of Science:

Neuroimaging
Systems Neuroscience
Animal Models

Background:

Functional MRI (fMRI) is crucial for noninvasive neural activity mapping.
fMRI's hemodynamic measurements limit perfect reflection of neural activity.
Spatial accuracy of fMRI maps can be improved.

Purpose of the Study:

To design a data-driven model for enhancing spatial accuracy of fMRI maps.
To improve fMRI spatial accuracy specifically in the rat olfactory bulb.
To generate models for both cerebral blood volume weighted (CBVw) and blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) fMRI data.

Main Methods:

Developed a data-driven model tailored for the rat olfactory bulb circuit.
Trained the model using well-characterized activity patterns.
Generated models for CBVw and BOLD fMRI data.

Main Results:

Learned models significantly improved spatial accuracy of fMRI activation maps compared to conventional general linear models.
Improvements were most notable for BOLD images and deep bulb layer activity.
Increased agreement between CBVw and BOLD activation maps using the learned models.

Conclusions:

The data-driven models enhance the spatial accuracy and reliability of fMRI activation maps.
These models have immediate applications for olfactory bulb studies.
Demonstrates potential for flexible, data-driven models to improve fMRI data quality across neuroscience research.