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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 20, 2026

Behavioral Assessment of Hearing in 2 to 4 Year-old Children: A Two-interval, Observer-based Procedure Using Conditioned Play-based Responses

Behavioral Assessment of Hearing in 2 to 4 Year-old Children: A Two-interval, Observer-based Procedure Using Conditioned Play-based Responses

Published on: January 23, 2017

Eye problems in children with hearing impairment.

Hadi Ostadimoghaddam¹, Hanieh Mirhajian², AbbasAli Yekta³

¹Refractive Errors Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Optometry, School of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.

Journal of Current Ophthalmology

|May 31, 2016

Summary

Hearing-impaired children exhibit significantly higher rates of refractive errors and amblyopia compared to their normal-hearing peers. Early eye health assessments are crucial for this population to prevent additional vision impairments.

Keywords:

Amblyopia Deafness Hyperopia Myopia Ocular disorders

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Behavioral Assessment of Hearing in 2 to 4 Year-old Children: A Two-interval, Observer-based Procedure Using Conditioned Play-based Responses

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Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Audiology
Pediatrics

Background:

Hearing impairment in children can be associated with various health conditions.
Ocular abnormalities have been reported in some cases of congenital deafness.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare the prevalence of refractive errors, amblyopia, and strabismus in hearing-impaired versus normal children.
To investigate potential links between hearing impairment and eye conditions in children aged 7-22 years in Mashhad.

Main Methods:

Cross-sectional study design.
Cluster sampling method used for participant selection.
Comprehensive eye examinations including refraction, cover test, and visual acuity assessment.

Main Results:

Significantly higher mean spherical equivalent in hearing-impaired children (1.7 D vs 0.2 D).
Increased prevalence of hyperopia (57.15% vs 21.5%) and amblyopia (12.2% vs 1.2%) in the hearing-impaired group.
Higher mean cylinder values in hearing-impaired children (0.65 D vs 0.43 D), with no significant difference in strabismus prevalence.

Conclusions:

Hearing-impaired children demonstrate a greater burden of ocular issues, including refractive errors and amblyopia.
A potential relationship between deafness and eye problems warrants further investigation.
Routine eye health screenings are recommended for hearing-impaired children to address potential vision impairments proactively.