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[Early social isolation increases alcohol preference in experiment].

E O Kutcher1, A Yu Egorov1, N A Chernikova2

  • 1Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences; St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg.

Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S.S. Korsakova
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Early social isolation in rats significantly increases alcohol preference, potentially modeling schizophrenia-related behaviors. Isolated rats showed heightened sensitivity and altered activity post-isolation, leading to greater alcohol consumption.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Behavioral Science
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Early life stress, such as social isolation, is a risk factor for developing psychiatric disorders.
  • Social isolation in early development may alter brain function and behavior, potentially leading to substance use disorders.
  • Schizophrenia is a complex disorder with potential links to early life adversity and substance abuse.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of early social isolation on the development of alcohol preference in a rat model.
  • To explore behavioral changes associated with social isolation and their relationship to alcohol consumption.
  • To assess the utility of early social isolation as an animal model for studying aspects of schizophrenia.

Main Methods:

  • Wistar male rats (21-24 days old) were subjected to 35 days of individual housing (isolation group) or group housing (control group).
  • Following isolation, all rats underwent forced alcohol (15% ethanol) consumption for 3.5 months, with alternating access to ethanol and water.
  • Alcohol preference was assessed using the two-bottle choice test, and behavioral characteristics were evaluated in the open field and behavioral despair tests.

Main Results:

  • Isolated rats exhibited significantly higher alcohol preference compared to controls at multiple time points during forced drinking.
  • Immediately after isolation, experimental rats showed increased locomotor activity but no differences in exploratory activity or emotionality.
  • Isolated rats displayed heightened sensitivity to auditory stimuli and altered behavior in the open field test, along with reduced behavioral despair after prolonged alcohol exposure.

Conclusions:

  • Early social isolation combined with forced alcohol consumption significantly enhances alcohol preference in rats.
  • Behavioral alterations induced by social isolation, including increased sensitivity and altered activity, contribute to greater alcohol consumption.
  • This model suggests a potential link between early life adversity, behavioral changes, and the development of alcohol preference, offering insights into schizophrenia-related substance use.