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Related Concept Videos

Sleep Apnea01:21

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Sleep apnea is a condition where breathing stops intermittently during sleep, often leading to significant health issues. Each episode can last from 10 to 20 seconds or more and is frequently accompanied by a brief arousal from sleep. This disturbance, largely unnoticed by the individual, can lead to severe daytime fatigue. Commonly, individuals seek help after being informed by their partners about loud snoring and noticeable breathing pauses during sleep.
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Atherosclerosis I: Introduction01:30

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Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder characterized by the buildup of plaques on the arterial inner wall, causing them to narrow and harden over time. These plaques comprise lipids, calcium, blood components, carbohydrates, and fibrous tissue. The process primarily affects the intima of large and medium-sized arteries, reducing blood flow in any artery.Etiology and risk factorsThe cause of atherosclerosis is multifactorial, involving a complex interplay among endothelial injury, lipid...
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Coronary Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): An Overview with Scientific InsightsCoronary Artery Disease (CAD), often referred to as C-A-D, is a prevalent blood vessel disorder classified under the broader category of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a pathological process characterized by the hardening and narrowing of arteries due to the accumulation of atherosclerotic plaques. These plaques are composed of cholesterol, fatty substances, inflammatory cells, calcium, and fibrin, reducing blood flow to...
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Atherosclerosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Tests01:27

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Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder that leads to the thickening and narrowing of arterial walls due to plaque buildup. This condition can cause various symptoms depending on the arteries affected:Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): This condition affects the coronary arteries and may lead to chest pain (angina), shortness of breath (dyspnea), heart attacks, and other heart disease symptoms.Cerebrovascular Disease: This affects blood flow to the brain, causing transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)...
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Atherosclerosis III: Management01:26

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Management of atherosclerosis involves an integrated strategy encompassing pharmacological treatment, surgical interventions, lifestyle changes, and nutrition therapy to address the multifactorial nature of the disease.Pharmacological TherapyA cornerstone of atherosclerosis management is the use of pharmacological agents. Statins, such as atorvastatin, are pivotal in inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme that catalyzes an initial step in cholesterol synthesis in the liver. This reduction in...
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Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

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Peripheral artery disease (PAD) predominantly results from atherosclerosis, which involves the accumulation of fatty deposits, or plaques, within the walls of arteries. This causes them to narrow and harden, significantly reducing blood flow. PAD predominantly affects the legs, particularly the arteries supplying the thighs and calves. In rare cases, it may involve other arteries, including those in the arms.Etiology of PAD:The principal cause of PAD is atherosclerosis, which results from fatty...
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Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy DISE with Target Controlled Infusion TCI and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
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Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Atherosclerosis.

Zulkifli Amin1, Hilman Z Amin, Lukman Z Amin

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.

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Summary
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Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a sleep disorder linked to atherosclerosis. Research suggests OSA may promote atherosclerosis through various mechanisms, but more studies are needed.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Research
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Respiratory Disorders

Background:

  • Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a respiratory disorder marked by repeated airway obstruction during sleep.
  • OSA is increasingly recognized for its potential role in the development of atherosclerosis.
  • Existing research indicates direct and indirect pathways through which OSA may influence atherosclerotic processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and atherosclerosis.
  • To investigate the mechanisms linking OSA to atherosclerotic events.
  • To review the role of OSA in conjunction with other atherosclerosis risk factors.

Main Methods:

  • Review of animal and clinical studies examining the OSA-atherosclerosis link.
  • Analysis of proposed direct mechanisms: endothelial dysfunction, sympathetic stimulation, and cytokine modulation.
  • Examination of indirect mechanisms, including the comorbidity of OSA with hypertension and diabetes mellitus.

Main Results:

  • Studies suggest OSA contributes to atherosclerosis via endothelial dysfunction, sympathetic overactivity, and inflammation.
  • OSA frequently co-exists with established atherosclerosis risk factors like hypertension and diabetes.
  • Current data shows promising associations but lacks consistent results across all studies.

Conclusions:

  • OSA is implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis through multiple biological pathways.
  • The relationship between OSA, atherosclerosis, and associated risk factors requires further investigation.
  • Future research in both basic and clinical sciences is essential to fully elucidate these connections.