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Side-sloped surfaces substantially affect lower limb running kinematics.

Mohsen Damavandi1, Mansour Eslami2, David J Pearsall3

  • 1a Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences , Hakim Sabzevari University , Sabzevar , Iran.

Sports Biomechanics
|June 1, 2016
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Running on slopes alters hip, knee, and ankle movements. These kinematic adaptations help adjust lower extremity length, potentially aiding performance and injury prevention during sloped running.

Keywords:
Gaitlower extremityrunning biomechanicsrunning surfaces

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Human Movement Science
  • Sports Science

Background:

  • Running on uneven terrain, such as side-sloped surfaces, presents unique challenges.
  • Understanding lower extremity kinematic adaptations during sloped running is crucial for performance and injury prevention.
  • Limited research exists on the specific three-dimensional (3D) kinematic adjustments of the hip, knee, and ankle during the stance phase of running on side slopes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of 10° up-slope and down-slope running on the 3D kinematics of the hip, knee, and ankle during the stance phase.
  • To identify specific joint angle adaptations and their timing during running on level versus side-sloped surfaces.

Main Methods:

  • Ten healthy adult males ran barefoot on an inclinable runway set at 0° (level), 10° up-slope, and 10° down-slope.
  • 3D kinematic data of the right hip, knee, and ankle were captured during the stance phase of running.
  • Repeated measures MANOVA was used to analyze differences in joint angles and the timing of kinematic events.

Main Results:

  • Up-slope running resulted in increased hip adduction and internal rotation.
  • Knee joints exhibited greater external rotation at heel-strike on side slopes. At toe-off, the knee rotated externally on up-slopes and internally on down-slopes.
  • Ankle joints showed increased plantar flexion on down-slopes and greater eversion and external rotation on up-slopes compared to down-slopes.

Conclusions:

  • Specific kinematic adjustments in the hip, knee, and ankle are employed to manage lower extremity length during side-sloped running.
  • Timing of key kinematic events, including hip adduction, hip external rotation, and ankle eversion, differs between slope conditions.
  • This knowledge can inform strategies for enhancing running performance and mitigating injury risk on varied terrain.