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Small-Molecule Binding Aptamers: Selection Strategies, Characterization, and Applications.

Annamaria Ruscito¹, Maria C DeRosa¹

¹Department of Chemistry, Carleton University Ottawa, ON, Canada.

Frontiers in Chemistry

|June 1, 2016

Summary

Synthetic oligonucleotides called aptamers offer high-affinity binding for detecting small molecules like toxins and drugs. Recent advances have improved aptamer selection and characterization for these challenging targets.

Keywords:

SELEX aptamer biosensor in vitro selection small molecule

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Area of Science:

Biotechnology
Molecular Biology
Analytical Chemistry

Background:

Aptamers are synthetic oligonucleotides with high affinity and specificity for target molecules.
They are generated using Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential enrichment (SELEX).
Applications include therapeutics and biosensors, with a focus on small molecule detection.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent advances (since 2012) in aptamers targeting small molecules.
To highlight challenges in selecting and characterizing aptamers for small targets.
To discuss current limitations and future directions in small molecule aptamer technology.

Main Methods:

Review of recent scientific literature (post-2012) on small molecule aptamers.
Analysis of advancements in aptamer selection and characterization techniques.
Discussion of case studies involving aptamers for toxins, antibiotics, drugs, and heavy metals.

Main Results:

Significant progress has been made in overcoming challenges associated with small molecule aptamer development.
New methods have improved the selection and characterization efficiency for these aptamers.
Despite advances, challenges in specificity and detection limits persist for certain small molecules.

Conclusions:

Small molecule aptamers are increasingly valuable tools for detecting critical analytes.
Continued research is needed to further refine aptamer selection and application for diverse small targets.
Future work should focus on enhancing aptamer stability, specificity, and integration into robust detection platforms.