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    Area of Science:

    • Biomimetic Engineering
    • Optics and Photonics
    • Medical Imaging Technology

    Background:

    • Traditional endoscopic systems often have limited field of view and illumination capabilities.
    • Insect vision principles offer potential for miniaturized, wide-field imaging systems.
    • Developing high-definition imaging for minimally invasive procedures remains a challenge.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To present a miniaturized, high-definition vision system inspired by insect eyes for proximity imaging in dark environments.
    • To integrate a distributed illumination method for enhanced imaging in low-light conditions.
    • To demonstrate the system's utility in endoscopic applications.

    Main Methods:

    • Modeled biological systems using off-the-shelf miniaturized cameras and digital circuit design.
    • Constructed a 5 mm radius hemispherical compound eye with a 180° × 180° field of view.
    • Implemented a Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) for real-time image processing at 25 frames per second (fps) and 1080 × 1080 resolution.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved over 1.1 megapixels with an inter-ommatidial angle of 0.5° at 18 mm radial distance.
    • Demonstrated a 1000x resolution increase compared to similar-sized systems in literature.
    • Successfully tested the system within a human colon model, generating high-definition images and videos.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed compound eye system represents a novel approach to miniaturized, high-definition imaging with integrated illumination.
    • This technology is suitable for endoscopic applications requiring wide field of view and high image quality, such as colonoscopy and laparoscopic surgery.
    • The system's performance in a human colon model validates its potential for clinical use.