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Disseminated intravascular coagulation

Satoshi Gando1, Marcel Levi2, Cheng-Hock Toh3

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, N15W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan.

Nature Reviews. Disease Primers
|June 3, 2016
PubMed

Insights

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a complex syndrome involving widespread clotting. Early diagnosis and treatment of underlying causes are crucial for improving patient outcomes in DIC.

Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Pathophysiology
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is an acquired syndrome of widespread intravascular coagulation.
  • It is triggered by infectious or non-infectious insults, leading to endothelial dysfunction and microvascular thrombosis.
  • Extracellular DNA and histones are implicated in DIC pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an updated overview of DIC pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management.
  • To discuss future research directions in basic and clinical DIC studies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature and established diagnostic criteria.
  • Discussion of the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH) diagnostic scoring system.
  • Analysis of evidence-based treatment strategies recommended by ISTH.

Main Results:

  • DIC involves inflammatory cytokine-initiated coagulation, impaired anticoagulation, and suppressed fibrinolysis.
  • The ISTH DIC scoring system is validated across various clinical settings.
  • Effective DIC management requires treating underlying conditions and implementing evidence-based strategies.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding DIC pathophysiology, utilizing validated diagnostic tools, and adhering to evidence-based management are key.
  • Future research should focus on advancing basic and clinical understanding of DIC.

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