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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
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Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

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The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
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T Cell Types and Functions01:24

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Diversity of Antigen Receptors01:28

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Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
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Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

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Overview
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Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

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Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 20, 2026

Generation of Human Alloantigen-specific T Cells from Peripheral Blood
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Generation of Human Alloantigen-specific T Cells from Peripheral Blood

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How antigen specificity directs regulatory T-cell function: self, foreign and engineered specificity.

R E Hoeppli1, K G MacDonald1, M K Levings1

  • 1Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia and Child & Family Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada.

HLA
|June 4, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are crucial for immune balance. Their T-cell receptor (TCR) specificity dictates their function, impacting autoimmune diseases and responses to foreign antigens, offering new therapeutic avenues.

Keywords:
antigen specificcell therapychimeric antigen receptorhuman immunologymucosal immunologyregulatory T cell

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are vital for immune homeostasis and preventing autoimmune diseases.
  • T-cell receptor (TCR) specificity is a key factor in Treg differentiation and function.
  • The role of Tregs in self-tolerance and preventing immunopathology is well-established.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the impact of TCR and antigen specificity on Treg biology.
  • To explore the underappreciated roles of Tregs in responses to foreign antigens.
  • To discuss the potential of engineered Tregs for therapeutic applications.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on TCR and antigen specificity in Treg biology.
  • Analysis of studies on self-antigen specific Tregs in autoimmunity and steady-state.
  • Examination of emerging data on foreign antigen-specific Tregs in immune responses.

Main Results:

  • TCR specificity profoundly influences Treg differentiation and function.
  • Self-antigen specific Tregs are implicated in autoimmune diseases and normal immune surveillance.
  • Foreign antigen-specific Tregs play a significant, previously underestimated role in memory responses.

Conclusions:

  • Antigen specificity is critical for Treg generation and function, influencing immune-mediated diseases.
  • Engineered Tregs with defined antigen specificities hold promise for novel therapeutic strategies.
  • Further research into Treg-antigen interactions is essential for advancing immunotherapies.