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Cell adhesion during bullet motion in capillaries.

Naoki Takeishi1, Yohsuke Imai2, Shunichi Ishida1

  • 1Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, Japan;

American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology
|June 5, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Cell adhesion in narrow capillaries changes motion to a slower, "bullet-like" state. This bullet motion promotes firm cell adhesion, even with weak molecular interactions, impacting leukocyte plugging and cancer metastasis.

Keywords:
adhesioncirculating tumor cellcomputational biomechanicsleukocyteligand-receptor interaction

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Cellular Mechanics
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Cellular adhesion in microvessels is crucial for physiological and pathological processes.
  • Limited understanding exists regarding cell motion and adhesion dynamics within capillaries comparable to cell size.
  • Previous research primarily focused on leukocyte and tumor cell rolling in larger vessels.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To numerically analyze cell adhesion and motion in capillaries with diameters similar to or smaller than the cell.
  • To investigate the transition in cell motion and adhesion characteristics under confined flow conditions.
  • To explore the impact of ligand-receptor interactions and biophysical parameters on cell behavior in narrow capillaries.

Main Methods:

  • Coupling of solid and fluid mechanics models for cell-in-flow dynamics.
  • Incorporation of a slip bond model for ligand-receptor interactions.
  • Numerical simulation to generate a state diagram based on capillary diameter and receptor density.

Main Results:

  • Cells transition to a distinct "bullet-like" motion in reduced capillary diameters, decreasing cell velocity.
  • Bullet-like motion facilitates firm cell adhesion to the capillary wall, even with weak ligand-receptor binding.
  • Quantification of the influence of dissociation rate, spring constant, and reactive compliance on cell motion.

Conclusions:

  • Cellular firm adhesion is achievable in small capillaries via bullet-like motion, even with weak P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) and P-selectin interactions.
  • Findings provide insights into leukocyte plugging and cancer metastasis mechanisms.
  • The study highlights the importance of capillary geometry and molecular interactions in governing cell adhesion dynamics.