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Emergency Contraception.

Pelin Batur1, Lisa N Kransdorf2, Petra M Casey3

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Primary Care Women's Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH.

Mayo Clinic Proceedings
|June 5, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Emergency contraception (EC) offers multiple options to prevent pregnancy, including over-the-counter pills and highly effective intrauterine devices. Understanding EC effectiveness, especially for women over 75 kg, is crucial for proper use and counseling.

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Health
  • Contraception
  • Women's Health

Background:

  • Emergency contraception (EC) is underused despite its availability and effectiveness in preventing pregnancy after unprotected intercourse or contraceptive failure.
  • Four EC options exist in the US, with varying accessibility and efficacy profiles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current literature on emergency contraception (EC) options and their effectiveness.
  • To provide guidance for healthcare providers on counseling patients regarding EC access and use, including special populations.

Main Methods:

  • Critical review of existing emergency contraception (EC) literature.
  • Synthesis of recommendations and clinical guidance for healthcare providers.

Main Results:

  • Ulipristal acetate is generally more effective than oral levonorgestrel (LNG), particularly after 72 hours and for women with higher body mass.
  • Oral ECs work by delaying ovulation and are ineffective postovulation.
  • Copper intrauterine devices are the most effective EC method and offer long-term contraception.

Conclusions:

  • Healthcare providers need improved awareness and counseling skills regarding the range of EC options.
  • Ulipristal acetate or copper IUDs are preferred for women weighing over 75 kg or with a BMI > 25 kg/m(2).
  • Timely counseling and provision of EC are essential for women of reproductive age.