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The Attentional Set Shifting Task: A Measure of Cognitive Flexibility in Mice
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Attention Reorients Periodically.

Laura Dugué1, Mariel Roberts2, Marisa Carrasco1

  • 1Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA; Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA.

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|June 7, 2016
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Voluntary attention reorientation periodically involves early visual areas V1/V2 at the theta frequency. This study used transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to reveal the temporal dynamics of attention reorienting.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Visual Attention

Background:

  • Voluntary attention reorientation allows processing of unattended stimuli.
  • A ventral fronto-parietal network is known to underlie attention.
  • The role and temporal dynamics of early visual areas in voluntary attention reorienting are largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the involvement and temporal dynamics of early visual areas (V1/V2) in voluntary attention reorienting.
  • To determine if transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can probe the temporal dynamics of attention reorienting.
  • To link periodic neural sampling in time with spatial attention reorienting.

Main Methods:

  • Human observers performed an orientation discrimination task with valid or invalid attention cueing.
  • Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was applied over the occipital cortex (V1/V2) at varying delays.
  • TMS pulses were timed based on phosphene mapping to interfere with target or distractor processing during valid/invalid trials.

Main Results:

  • Valid cueing improved behavioral performance for attended locations.
  • TMS modulation of target and distractor processing was periodic (theta frequency) and out of phase during invalid trials.
  • This periodic modulation occurred specifically when attention needed to disengage and reorient.

Conclusions:

  • Voluntary attention reorientation periodically involves early visual areas V1/V2 at the theta frequency.
  • TMS can probe theta phase-resetting associated with attentional reorienting.
  • Findings suggest a link between periodic neural sampling and spatial attention reorienting.