Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters01:20

Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters

2.6K
The introduction of polyesters has brought major development to the textile industry. The wrinkle-free behavior of polyester blends has eliminated the need for starching and ironing clothes.
Polyesters are commonly prepared from terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol; the crude product is known as poly(ethylene terephthalate) or PET. However, polyesters are synthesized industrially by transesterification of dimethyl terephthalate with ethylene glycol at 150 °C. The two reactants and the polymer...
2.6K
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

2.7K
The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
2.7K
Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers01:08

Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers

3.0K
Step growth polymerization involves bi or multifunctional monomers. Bifunctional monomers react to form linear step growth polymers, whereas multifunctional monomers react to form non-linear or branched polymers.
As the step-growth polymerization involves step-wise condensation of monomers, the molecular weight also builds up eventually. Consequently, high molecular weight polymers are obtained at the late stages of the polymerization, where 99% of monomers have been consumed.
The extent of the...
3.0K
Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

4.6K
Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...
4.6K
Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

3.0K
The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
3.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Solvent-Driven Biphasic Architectures in Polymer Gels via Polymerization-Induced Solvent Phase Separation.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Machine Learning-Based Prediction of Polymer Chemical Resistance to Organic Solvents.

ACS omega·2026
Same author

Decoupling Stiffness and Toughness in Solid Polymer Electrolytes via Reversible Crystallization.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2026
Same author

Design of metabolism-inspired hydrogels driven by emergence of function.

Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)·2026
Same author

Alteration of bile acid metabolism in mice under thermoneutral conditions.

Steroids·2026
Same author

Reprogrammable shape memory ion gels <i>via</i> physical entanglement of ultrahigh molecular weight polymers.

Materials horizons·2026
Same journal

Creating a Masterpiece. The Road to (and Beyond) Woodward and Hoffmann's 1969 Angewandte Chemie Treatise.

Chemical record (New York, N.Y.)·2026
Same journal

Advancements in the Synthesis of Heterocyclic N-Oxide via Inter- and Intramolecular Cyclization Reactions.

Chemical record (New York, N.Y.)·2026
Same journal

Solid State Supercapacitors for Energy Storage: Materials, Device Engineering, Multifunctionality, and Emerging Electrical Applications.

Chemical record (New York, N.Y.)·2026
Same journal

Chiral Graphene Quantum Dots and Carbon Dots: From Chirality Induction to Spin-Selective Effects and Advanced Applications.

Chemical record (New York, N.Y.)·2026
Same journal

Engineering the Electrospun Separators for Next-Generation Lithium-Based Batteries.

Chemical record (New York, N.Y.)·2026
Same journal

Catalyst-Free Aerobic Photooxidation: Mechanistic Pathways and Sustainability Perspectives.

Chemical record (New York, N.Y.)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 20, 2026

Preparation of Liquid Crystal Networks for Macroscopic Oscillatory Motion Induced by Light
07:56

Preparation of Liquid Crystal Networks for Macroscopic Oscillatory Motion Induced by Light

Published on: September 20, 2017

12.2K

Recent Advances in Self-Oscillating Polymer Material Systems.

Ryota Tamate, Aya Mizutani Akimoto, Ryo Yoshida1

  • 1Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.

Chemical Record (New York, N.Y.)
|June 7, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers have advanced self-oscillating polymer gels that autonomously change volume without external triggers. These responsive materials, driven by the Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction, show promise for novel applications.

Keywords:
biomimeticsdissipative structuregelsoscillating reactionsself-assembly

More Related Videos

Self-assembling Morphologies Obtained from Helical Polycarbodiimide Copolymers and Their Triazole Derivatives
09:22

Self-assembling Morphologies Obtained from Helical Polycarbodiimide Copolymers and Their Triazole Derivatives

Published on: February 7, 2017

8.3K
Studying Large Amplitude Oscillatory Shear Response of Soft Materials
06:07

Studying Large Amplitude Oscillatory Shear Response of Soft Materials

Published on: April 25, 2019

13.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 20, 2026

Preparation of Liquid Crystal Networks for Macroscopic Oscillatory Motion Induced by Light
07:56

Preparation of Liquid Crystal Networks for Macroscopic Oscillatory Motion Induced by Light

Published on: September 20, 2017

12.2K
Self-assembling Morphologies Obtained from Helical Polycarbodiimide Copolymers and Their Triazole Derivatives
09:22

Self-assembling Morphologies Obtained from Helical Polycarbodiimide Copolymers and Their Triazole Derivatives

Published on: February 7, 2017

8.3K
Studying Large Amplitude Oscillatory Shear Response of Soft Materials
06:07

Studying Large Amplitude Oscillatory Shear Response of Soft Materials

Published on: April 25, 2019

13.8K

Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Dynamics

Background:

  • Self-oscillating polymer gels, first reported in 1996, exhibit autonomous volume changes.
  • These gels are driven by the Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction, a chemical oscillator.
  • Unlike conventional stimuli-responsive gels, they operate without external stimuli.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in self-oscillating polymers and gels.
  • To highlight the expansion of the self-oscillating gel concept into diverse systems.
  • To provide an overview of the current state of research in this field.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on self-oscillating polymer systems.
  • Analysis of studies employing the Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction in polymer gels.
  • Synthesis and characterization of novel self-oscillating polymer materials (implied).

Main Results:

  • The concept of self-oscillating gels has been successfully extended to various polymer and gel systems.
  • New materials and methodologies for creating self-oscillating polymers have been developed.
  • Demonstrated autonomous, periodic volume oscillations in closed systems.

Conclusions:

  • Self-oscillating polymer gels represent a significant advancement over conventional responsive materials.
  • The field has evolved considerably since the initial discovery, with broad applicability.
  • Continued research promises further innovation in autonomous material systems.