[Traumatic superior orbital fissure syndrome: Update]

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Neurosurgery
• Maxillofacial Surgery

Background:

• Traumatic superior orbital fissure syndrome is an uncommon complication of craniomaxillofacial trauma.
• It predominantly affects young men involved in road traffic accidents.

Purpose of the Study:

• To describe the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of traumatic superior orbital fissure syndrome.

Main Methods:

• Clinical examination identifying ophthalmoplegia, ptosis, and forehead anesthesia.
• Computed tomography (CT) scans to detect facial and craniofacial fractures extending to the superior orbital fissure.
• Multidisciplinary team approach involving maxillofacial surgeons, ophthalmologists, and neurosurgeons.

Main Results:

• Diagnosis is primarily clinical, with CT scans often revealing associated fractures.
• Early management combining high-dose corticosteroids and surgical decompression (if necessary) is recommended.
• Delayed diagnosis with spontaneous improvement may warrant conservative management.

Conclusions:

• Prompt, multidisciplinary intervention is crucial for managing traumatic superior orbital fissure syndrome.
• While symptoms may improve early, extended follow-up is necessary due to prolonged recovery times.