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Related Concept Videos

Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

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Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
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Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...
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Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
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[Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome].

M Fischer1, E Schmutzhard2

  • 1Klinik und Poliklinik für Anästhesiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Deutschland.

Medizinische Klinik, Intensivmedizin Und Notfallmedizin
|June 9, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a neurological disorder often linked to blood pressure changes. While specific treatment is lacking, managing blood pressure and addressing the cause typically resolves symptoms.

Keywords:
Autoimmune diseasesChemotherapyHypertensive encephalopathyImagingPre-eclampsia

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Nephrology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a neurological condition presenting with headache, altered consciousness, visual issues, and seizures.
  • Neurological symptoms in PRES are frequently associated with fluctuations in blood pressure.
  • Two leading hypotheses explain PRES: hypertensive encephalopathy leading to autoregulatory failure and hyperperfusion, or endothelial dysfunction triggered by various systemic conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the key characteristics, proposed pathomechanisms, diagnostic approaches, and management strategies for Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome.
  • To highlight the diagnostic challenges and favorable prognosis of PRES.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical and neuroimaging findings characteristic of PRES.
  • Discussion of etiological factors including hypertension, preeclampsia, immunosuppressants, chemotherapy, sepsis, and autoimmune disorders.
  • Analysis of diagnostic criteria and differential diagnoses.

Main Results:

  • PRES typically manifests with bilateral, symmetric parietooccipital vasogenic edema on neuroimaging.
  • Diagnosis often requires excluding other conditions and can be confirmed over time.
  • No specific treatment exists, but blood pressure management and addressing the underlying cause are crucial.

Conclusions:

  • PRES is a neurological disorder with a generally favorable prognosis, with most patients experiencing complete recovery of neurological deficits and imaging abnormalities.
  • Prompt management of arterial blood pressure and identification/treatment of the underlying cause are key to improving outcomes.
  • Approximately 40% of patients require intensive care due to complications such as status epilepticus or cerebrovascular events.