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Changes in Brain Resting-state Functional Connectivity Associated with Peripheral Nerve Block: A Pilot Study.

M Stephen Melton1, Jeffrey N Browndyke, Todd B Harshbarger

  • 1From the Department of Anesthesiology (M.S.M., K.C.N., S.M.K.), Geriatric Behavioral Health Division, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, (J.N.B., D.J.M.), Department of Radiology, (T.B.H.), and Duke Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina (J.N.B., T.B.H., D.J.M.).

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Temporary functional deafferentation using peripheral nerve blocks alters resting-state functional connectivity in sensorimotor networks. This study shows changes in brain networks during nerve block and recovery, offering insights into brain plasticity.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Human Physiology
  • Brain Imaging

Background:

  • Limited research exists on temporary functional deafferentation (TFD) effects on brain activity post-peripheral nerve block (PNB) in humans.
  • Resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) is increasingly utilized to study brain organization and activity.
  • Investigating TFD's impact on sensorimotor networks is crucial for understanding brain plasticity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test if TFD via PNB alters RSFC plasticity in central sensorimotor networks.
  • To examine changes in brain connectivity during and after a PNB.
  • To explore the potential of PNB as a model for studying brain plasticity.

Main Methods:

  • 10 healthy participants underwent supraclavicular PNB.
  • Functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging (fcMRI) was performed before, during, and after PNB.
  • RSFC differences were analyzed using seed-to-voxel analyses on motor regions, with false discovery rate correction.

Main Results:

  • Interhemispheric motor region RSFC was disrupted during PNB (e.g., reduced connectivity).
  • Intrahemispheric RSFC within motor regions was preserved during PNB.
  • Increased RSFC between the affected motor region and visual cortex was observed after PNB resolution.

Conclusions:

  • PNB serves as a viable model for deafferentation research, demonstrating features consistent with other models.
  • Findings reveal insights into sensorimotor network RSFC changes during PNB and recovery.
  • Modulation of the sensory-motor integration feedback loop may explain behavioral changes induced by PNB-related TFD.