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Related Concept Videos

Electronic Structure of Atoms02:28

Electronic Structure of Atoms

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An atom comprises protons and neutrons, which are contained inside the dense, central core called the nucleus, with electrons present around the nucleus. Taking into account the wave–particle duality of electrons and the uncertainty in position around the nucleus, quantum mechanics provides a more accurate model for the atomic structure. It describes atomic orbitals as the regions around the nucleus where electrons of discrete energy exist, characterized by four quantum...
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Electron configurations and orbital diagrams can be determined by applying the Aufbau principle (each added electron occupies the subshell of lowest energy available), Pauli exclusion principle (no two electrons can have the same set of four quantum numbers), and Hund’s rule of maximum multiplicity (whenever possible, electrons retain unpaired spins in degenerate orbitals).
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Shortly after de Broglie published his ideas that the electron in a hydrogen atom could be better thought of as being a circular standing wave instead of a particle moving in quantized circular orbits, Erwin Schrödinger extended de Broglie’s work by deriving what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. When Schrödinger applied his equation to hydrogen-like atoms, he was able to reproduce Bohr’s expression for the energy and, thus, the Rydberg formula governing hydrogen spectra.
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NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
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The alkali metal sodium (atomic number 11) has one more electron than the neon atom. This electron must go into the lowest-energy subshell available, the 3s orbital, giving a 1s22s22p63s1 configuration. The electrons occupying the outermost shell orbital(s) (highest value of n) are called valence electrons, and those occupying the inner shell orbitals are called core electrons. Since the core electron shells correspond to noble gas electron configurations, we can abbreviate electron...
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The Pauli Exclusion Principle03:06

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Nanofabrication of Gate-defined GaAs/AlGaAs Lateral Quantum Dots
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Configuring Electronic States in an Atomically Precise Array of Quantum Boxes.

Sylwia Nowakowska1, Aneliia Wäckerlin1, Ignacio Piquero-Zulaica2

  • 1Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, 4056, Basel, Switzerland.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|June 9, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers precisely fabricated 2D quantum boxes using self-assembly. They precisely controlled quantum states and electronic coupling by arranging adsorbates, enabling tunable interactions between quantum boxes.

Keywords:
angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES)electron confinementquantum boxesscanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS)surface states

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum computing
  • Materials science
  • Surface science

Background:

  • Quantum boxes are crucial for quantum computing applications.
  • Precise fabrication and control of quantum dot arrays are challenging.
  • On-surface self-assembly offers a pathway for controlled nanostructure fabrication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To fabricate a 2D array of electronically coupled quantum boxes with atomic precision.
  • To demonstrate control over quantum states within the boxes using adsorbates.
  • To investigate the tunability of electronic coupling between quantum boxes.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a 2D quantum box array via on-surface self-assembly.
  • Configuration of quantum states using adsorbates with atomic precision control.
  • Manipulation of electronic interbox coupling by arranging filled and empty boxes.

Main Results:

  • Achieved ultimate precision in the fabrication of each quantum box.
  • Demonstrated precise control over adsorbate occupancy and thus quantum states.
  • Showed that electronic interbox coupling can be maintained or reduced through controlled box arrangement.

Conclusions:

  • On-surface self-assembly enables highly precise fabrication of coupled quantum box arrays.
  • Adsorbate control provides a method for tuning quantum states and inter-box coupling.
  • This approach offers a promising route for designing quantum devices with tailored electronic properties.