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Related Concept Videos

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

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Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin,...
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Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing...
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Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
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Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial...
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Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
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Related Experiment Video

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Basophil Activation Test for Allergy Diagnosis
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Food allergy in children.

Nedeljko Radlović, Zoran Leković, Vladimir Radlović

    Srpski Arhiv Za Celokupno Lekarstvo
    |June 10, 2016
    PubMed
    Summary

    Food allergy is a growing health concern, particularly in young children. Diagnosis involves medical history and elimination diets, with some allergies persisting lifelong.

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Allergology
    • Pediatrics

    Background:

    • Food allergy is a significant and increasing global health issue, affecting all age groups but most prevalent in children under three.
    • Sensitization can occur through direct exposure, maternal milk, or transplacentally, often leading to multiple allergies and co-existing with other hypersensitivities.
    • Cross-reactivity between similar foods, like peanuts and tree nuts, is common, complicating diagnosis and management.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To provide a comprehensive overview of food allergy, including its prevalence, causes, common allergens, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and therapeutic strategies.
    • To highlight the diagnostic role of elimination diets and discuss the long-term prognosis of various food allergies.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of current literature on food allergy prevalence, pathogenesis, and clinical presentation.

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  • Analysis of diagnostic criteria, including medical history, clinical examination, and laboratory tests.
  • Evaluation of therapeutic interventions, primarily elimination diets, and their impact on diagnosis.

    • Main Results:

    • Proteins from cow's milk, eggs, peanuts, tree nuts, wheat, soy, fish, shellfish, crustaceans, and cephalopods are responsible for over 90% of food allergic reactions.
    • Clinical manifestations range widely, from mild symptoms to severe, potentially fatal systemic reactions.
    • While many children outgrow allergies to milk, eggs, wheat, and soy, allergies to peanuts, tree nuts, fish, and shellfish are often lifelong.

    Conclusions:

    • Accurate diagnosis of food allergy relies on thorough patient history, clinical assessment, and appropriate investigations.
    • Elimination diets are crucial for diagnosis and management, with a positive response confirming the allergy.
    • Lifelong vigilance is necessary for certain food allergies, particularly those to peanuts, tree nuts, fish, and shellfish.