Three-dimensional visualisation of soft biological structures by X-ray computed micro-tomography

Area of Science:

• Biophysics
• Biomaterials Science
• Microscopy

Background:

• Traditional 3D imaging of biological samples is often time-consuming and specialized.
• Current methods include serial sectioning and electron tomography, which have limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

• To discuss the history and capabilities of X-ray computed micro-tomography (microCT) as an alternative 3D imaging technique.
• To illustrate microCT's utility through diverse biological case studies.

Main Methods:

• X-ray computed micro-tomography (microCT) for rapid 3D imaging.
• Visualization of intact samples and dynamic changes at microsecond scales.
• Case studies involving unstained rat arteries, stained collagen fascicles, chrysalis development, and cell distribution in tissue constructs.

Main Results:

• MicroCT enables rapid imaging of internal 3D structures at sub-micron resolution.
• Dynamic changes in living tissues can be visualized at microsecond timescales.
• Demonstrated ability to visualize and quantify structural changes and cell distribution in various biological samples.

Conclusions:

• MicroCT presents a powerful and versatile tool for 3D biological imaging.
• Future advancements in detector technology and synchrotron sources promise enhanced real-time imaging capabilities.
• MicroCT is poised to become a more routine technique in biological research.