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Dispositional contempt: A first look at the contemptuous person.

Roberta A Schriber1, Joanne M Chung2, Katherine S Sorensen1

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This study introduces dispositional contempt, a personality trait linked to envy, anger, and narcissism. High contempt predicts relationship dissatisfaction and antisocial tendencies, revealing the "contemptuous person."

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Social Psychology
  • Personality Psychology

Background:

  • Contempt is a potent emotion impacting relationships, workplaces, and societal issues.
  • Despite its significance, contempt has been under-investigated as a stable personality trait.
  • Existing research lacks a framework for understanding contempt at the individual-difference level.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conceptualize and measure contempt as a stable individual-difference variable: dispositional contempt.
  • To examine the nomological network, personality correlates, and behavioral implications of dispositional contempt.
  • To explore the impact of dispositional contempt on relationship functioning.

Main Methods:

  • Developed and validated a measure of dispositional contempt.
  • Conducted six studies using self-report and emotion elicitation.
  • Utilized student and MTurk samples (N = 165–1,368) to assess personality and behavioral correlates.

Main Results:

  • Dispositional contempt is distinct from related emotions, strongly associated with envy, anger, and hubristic pride.
  • It correlates with both "superior" traits (narcissism, perfectionism, antisocial tendencies) and "fragile" traits (low self-esteem, insecure attachment).
  • Dispositional contempt predicts negative relationship outcomes, including lower commitment and satisfaction.

Conclusions:

  • This research provides the first comprehensive look at the 'contemptuous person' as a distinct personality type.
  • Dispositional contempt offers a new framework for understanding the dynamics and consequences of contempt.
  • Findings highlight the pervasive influence of contempt on individual behavior and interpersonal relationships.