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Determining Viral Disinfection Efficacy of Hot Water Laundering

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Published on: June 21, 2022

Water Temperature Affects Susceptibility to Ranavirus.

Mabre D Brand¹, Rachel D Hill², Roberto Brenes³

¹Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Services, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, TN, USA.

|June 11, 2016

Summary

Warmer water temperatures increase the severity of ranavirus infections in amphibian larvae, leading to higher mortality. Colder temperatures may also stress amphibians, impacting disease outcomes and potentially aiding pathogen emergence.

Keywords:

amphibians climate change disease pathogen ranavirus temperature

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Area of Science:

Environmental science
Wildlife pathology
Ecology

Background:

Emerging infectious diseases in wildlife are increasing, with environmental changes as a potential driver.
Warmer temperatures may enhance pathogen propagation or host stress, influencing disease dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of water temperature in the pathogenicity of ranavirus in ectothermic vertebrates.
To assess the impact of varying temperatures on ranavirus infection and mortality in amphibian larvae.

Main Methods:

Larvae from four amphibian species were exposed to Frog Virus 3 (FV3) at 10°C and 25°C.
A second experiment examined ranaviral disease outcomes in wood frogs with a 2°C temperature change (10°C vs. 12°C).

Main Results:

Higher FV3 viral loads and mortality were observed at 25°C compared to 10°C across all species.
A 2°C increase in water temperature significantly affected ranaviral disease, increasing infection and mortality in wood frogs.
Cope's gray tree frog larvae showed signs of stress at 10°C, with 100% mortality but only 10% FV3 positivity.

Conclusions:

Water temperature significantly influences ranavirus pathogenicity and disease outcomes in amphibian larvae.
Temperature-dependent viral replication and host immune responses likely contribute to observed disease patterns.
Water temperature during larval development is a critical factor in the emergence and spread of ranaviruses.