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Related Concept Videos

Pulse rhythm01:30

Pulse rhythm

Pulse rhythm refers to the pattern of pulsations within specific intervals, offering valuable insights into the regularity or irregularity of the heart's beats as observed through the pattern of pulsation within specific intervals. A regular pulse exhibits a consistent heart rate with uniform waveforms and pulsation force, variations of which can be classified as normal, weak, or bounding.
Conversely, an irregular pulse pattern is termed dysrhythmia, stemming from disruptions in cardiac muscle...
Disturbances in Heart Rhythm01:29

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
Arrhythmias are categorized by their speed, rhythm, and origin. A slow heart...
Holter Monitor: 24-Hour Monitoring01:23

Holter Monitor: 24-Hour Monitoring

Holter monitoring is a continuous electrocardiography (ECG) recording that tracks the heart's electrical activity over an extended period, generally 24 to 48 hours. This noninvasive diagnostic tool detects irregular heart rhythms that may not be captured during a standard ECG performed in a clinical setting.DeviceThe Holter monitor is a portable, small device connected to several electrodes on the patient's chest. These electrodes detect the heart's electrical signals and transmit them to the...
Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias01:18

Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias

Bradyarrhythmias are cardiac rhythm disorders characterized by a slower-than-normal heart rate, typically defined as fewer than 60 beats per minute. Some of which are discussed here:Sinus BradycardiaSinus bradycardia presents a heart rate lower than 60 beats per minute, with a regular rhythm originating from the SA node. The ECG typically shows normal P waves preceding each QRS complex, a normal PR interval (0.12 to 0.20 seconds), and a normal QRS duration (0.06 to 0.10 seconds).First-Degree AV...
Dysrhythmias V: Evaluating Dysrhythmias01:30

Dysrhythmias V: Evaluating Dysrhythmias

Dysrhythmias, also known as arrhythmias, are disturbances in the heart's rhythm that range from benign to life-threatening. A thorough evaluation is crucial for appropriate management and involves a comprehensive medical history, physical examination, and various diagnostic tests.Medical HistorySymptoms: Collect detailed information on palpitations, dizziness, syncope, chest pain, and fatigue. Note their onset, frequency, and triggers.Previous Cardiac Issues: Document any history of heart...
Dysrhythmias VI: Management of Dysrhythmias01:25

Dysrhythmias VI: Management of Dysrhythmias

Dysrhythmia management involves a multifaceted approach, incorporating pharmacological treatments, medical procedures, surgical interventions, lifestyle modifications, and patient education.Pharmacological ManagementAntiarrhythmic Drugs:Class I (Sodium Channel Blockers): This class includes quinidine and procainamide, which reduce the speed of impulse conduction in the heart, stabilize the cardiac membrane, and control arrhythmias. Quinidine and procainamide are Class IA agents that prolong the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 19, 2026

Intra-Operative Behavioral Tasks in Awake Humans Undergoing Deep Brain Stimulation Surgery
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Why surgery won the SYNTAX trial and why it matters.

Michael Mack1, Heike Baumgarten1, Bruce Lytle1

  • 1Heart Hospital Baylor Plano, Plano, Tex.

The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
|June 11, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

For high-risk patients, coronary artery bypass grafting significantly reduces cardiac death from myocardial infarction compared to percutaneous coronary intervention. Surgery offers a clear, time-widening survival advantage in complex coronary artery disease.

Keywords:
coronary artery bypass graftingcoronary artery diseasepercutaneous coronary intervention

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Interventional Cardiology
  • Cardiac Surgery

Background:

  • The Synergy Between Percutaneous Coronary Intervention With Taxus and Cardiac Surgery (SYNTAX) trial analyzed causes of death.
  • A key focus was comparing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in higher-risk patients.

Discussion:

  • Cardiac death due to myocardial infarction was notably higher (10x) with PCI versus CABG in higher-risk cohorts.
  • CABG demonstrated a significant survival advantage over PCI in intermediate and high SYNTAX score groups with 3-vessel disease.
  • Surgery also showed a statistically significant and time-increasing benefit in high SYNTAX score patients with left main disease.

Key Insights:

  • Coronary artery bypass grafting is superior to percutaneous coronary intervention in preventing cardiac death in higher-risk patients with complex coronary artery disease.
  • The survival benefit of CABG over PCI increases over time, particularly in patients with high SYNTAX scores and multi-vessel or left main disease.
  • Transparent communication of these findings to patients is crucial for informed decision-making regarding treatment options.

Outlook:

  • Further long-term follow-up of SYNTAX trial data will continue to refine understanding of PCI versus CABG outcomes.
  • Enhanced risk stratification tools may further guide optimal revascularization strategies.
  • Clinical practice guidelines should emphasize the long-term benefits of CABG in specific high-risk patient populations.