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Understanding our thoracic surgery workforce: Who, what, and where we practice.

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Summary

The thoracic surgical workforce is aging and urbanizing, with younger surgeons increasingly subspecializing. Women remain underrepresented in this field, highlighting needs for future training and policy development.

Keywords:
Maintenance of Certificationcardiothoracic surgerygender diversityhealthcare policysubspecializationworkforce trends

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiothoracic Surgery
  • Surgical Workforce Demographics
  • Medical Education

Background:

  • The composition of the thoracic surgical workforce impacts healthcare policy, training programs, and professional certification.
  • A comprehensive understanding of the current thoracic surgical workforce demographics is lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the practice-based demographics of the thoracic surgical workforce.
  • To explore geographic distribution, gender, age, subspecialty, and university affiliation within the field.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from 2273 American Board of Thoracic Surgery Diplomates who took the Maintenance of Certification exam (2018-2024).
  • Exam module selection (cardiac, general thoracic, cardiothoracic, congenital) served as a proxy for predominant clinical practice.
  • Analyzed relationships between module choice and practice type, geography, gender, age, and university affiliation.

Main Results:

  • Adult cardiac surgery dominated (46%), followed by cardiothoracic (24%), general thoracic (22%), and congenital (8%).
  • A significant gender disparity persists, with women comprising only 7% of Diplomates.
  • Younger surgeons trended towards specialized practices (cardiac, congenital), and most surgeons practiced in metropolitan areas (80%).

Conclusions:

  • The thoracic surgical workforce is characterized by increasing subspecialization among younger surgeons.
  • The low percentage of female Diplomates and the predominantly older, urbanized workforce necessitate strategic planning for future training and certification.
  • This workforce analysis provides critical insights for the American Board of Thoracic Surgery and future workforce development.