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Related Concept Videos

Translational Regulation01:29

Translational Regulation

766
Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...
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Ribosome Profiling02:24

Ribosome Profiling

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Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
Applications of ribosome profiling
Ribosome profiling has many applications, including in vivo monitoring of translation inside a particular organ or tissue type and quantifying new protein synthesis levels.
The technique...
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Translation01:31

Translation

21.7K
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Proteins are...
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Translation01:31

Translation

159.5K
Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of...
159.5K
Leaky Scanning02:28

Leaky Scanning

5.8K
During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...
5.8K
Improving Translational Accuracy02:07

Improving Translational Accuracy

15.4K
Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...
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Updated: Mar 19, 2026

In vivo Interrogation of Central Nervous System Translatome by Polyribosome Fractionation
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In vivo Interrogation of Central Nervous System Translatome by Polyribosome Fractionation

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Translational genomics.

Martin Kussmann1, Jim Kaput2

  • 1Molecular Biomarkers Core, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences (NIHS), Lausanne, Switzerland; Faculty of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland; Faculty of Science, Interdisciplinary NanoScience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.

Applied & Translational Genomics
|June 11, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Translational genomics bridges basic science and societal needs, moving beyond traditional applied research. This approach integrates evidence-based solutions, big data, patient empowerment, and systems understanding for human health benefits.

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Last Updated: Mar 19, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Translational Research
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Traditional views separate basic and applied research.
  • Recent developments necessitate a re-evaluation of this dichotomy.
  • Societal demands increasingly require scientific relevance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To redefine the scope and mission of Translational Genomics.
  • To advocate for integrating basic science with societal benefits.
  • To highlight key drivers of modern translational research.

Main Methods:

  • Conceptual analysis of research paradigms.
  • Identification of catalyzing trends in scientific and societal development.
  • Argumentation for a more integrated approach to basic and applied science.

Main Results:

  • Basic and translational research are increasingly interdependent.
  • Four key trends are reshaping translational genomics: evidence-based solutions, large-scale data, patient empowerment, and systems-level understanding.
  • Basic science can be challenged and leveraged for human health and societal benefits.

Conclusions:

  • Translational genomics is crucial for translating scientific advancements into practical applications.
  • A paradigm shift is occurring, emphasizing the synergistic relationship between basic science and societal impact.
  • The future of genomics lies in its ability to address human health and societal challenges effectively.