Providing food security in Gaza for the "day after"

Poverty, conflict and war are the most prominent reasons for food insecurity worldwide including for the population of Gaza since October 7, 2023. It has been shown that at least during the seven-month period between January and July, 2024, an adequate supply of food was delivered to Gaza. However, a distinction must be made between food availability (entering Gaza), and food accessibility (food supply actually reached at the household level). The latter was apparently controlled by Hamas; and there are no reliable data available on the actual distribution of food. A prerequisite for achieving a better "day after" for the population of Gaza depends on achieving a permanent end to the hostilities between Hamas and other Gazan militants with Israel. That must be a top priority for policymakers. Nonetheless, understanding the elements involved in the planning for a successful "day after" can begin now. We know that most of the population needs housing, as well as sufficient, adequate and accessible food, water, energy sources, adequate health services for acute and chronic medical and surgical conditions, mental health, and preventive care. In this article, we focus on planning for food and nutrition security for the "day after," a process that will require actions along the six dimensions of food security- availability, accessibility, utilization, stability, sustainability, and agency. We outline these dimensions and their necessary components.