A magnesium-sodium hybrid battery with high operating voltage

Area of Science:

• Electrochemistry
• Materials Science
• Energy Storage

Background:

• Magnesium and sodium are promising multivalent and alkali metal anodes for next-generation batteries.
• Developing stable electrolytes and high-performance cathodes is crucial for hybrid battery systems.

Purpose of the Study:

• To report a novel magnesium-sodium hybrid battery system.
• To evaluate the electrochemical performance of a dual-salt electrolyte with magnesium and Berlin green components.

Main Methods:

• Fabrication of a hybrid battery cell using a magnesium anode, Berlin green cathode, and a magnesium-sodium dual-salt electrolyte.
• Electrochemical characterization including discharge voltage, reversible capacity, energy density, and power density measurements.

Main Results:

• The cell achieved an average discharge voltage of 2.2 V.
• A reversible capacity of 143 mA h g⁻¹ was recorded.
• Demonstrated energy density of 135 W h kg⁻¹ and high power density up to 1.67 kW kg⁻¹.

Conclusions:

• The magnesium-sodium hybrid battery system shows excellent performance characteristics.
• The dual-salt electrolyte is effective in enabling high-performance magnesium-sodium hybrid batteries.