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Induction and Assessment of Exertional Skeletal Muscle Damage in Humans
Published on: December 11, 2016
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Acute responses and muscle damage in different high-intensity interval running protocols
Thimo Wiewelhove1, Jaime Fernandez-Fernandez, Christian Raeder
1Faculty of Sports Science, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany - thimo.wiewelhove@ruhr-uni-bochum.de.
The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness
|June 11, 2016
Summary
Different high-intensity interval training (HIIT) protocols affect athletes uniquely. Longer, less intense intervals boost cardio, while short sprints cause more muscle damage and soreness.
Area of Science:
- Exercise Physiology
- Sports Science
- Training Adaptations
Background:
- High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is widely used in sports.
- Optimizing HIIT protocols requires understanding their physiological impacts.
- This study investigated five HIIT protocols based on maximal velocity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate acute physiological responses to various HIIT protocols.
- To assess exercise-induced muscle damage across different HIIT structures.
- To compare the effects of interval duration and intensity on athlete recovery.
Main Methods:
- Sixteen intermittent sport players performed five HIIT protocols (P240, P120, P30, P15, P5) with varying durations and intensities.
- Measurements included blood lactate, pH, creatine kinase (CK), heart rate (HR), session rating of perceived exertion (session-RPE), delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), and countermovement jump (CMJ) height.
- Protocols were separated by six days to allow for recovery.
Main Results:
- Longer intervals (P240, P120) elicited higher HR, session-RPE, and lactate responses, with inverse blood pH changes.
- Short sprint protocols (P5) resulted in the highest lactate and lowest blood pH.
- P5 protocol induced significantly greater 24-hour CK, DOMS, and CMJ height reduction compared to other protocols.
Conclusions:
- HIIT protocols vary significantly in physiological and perceptual demands.
- Longer intervals at submaximal intensities enhance acute cardiovascular responses.
- Sprint-based HIIT protocols lead to the most pronounced exercise-induced muscle damage and soreness.
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