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Related Concept Videos

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

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Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
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Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
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For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is...
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Insulin action is mediated through a receptor tyrosine kinase, akin to the IGF-1 receptor. The number of receptors per cell varies significantly, from 40 on erythrocytes to 300,000 on adipocytes and hepatocytes. The insulin receptor consists of linked α/β subunit dimers, forming a heterotetramer glycoprotein with two extracellular α subunits and two β subunits spanning the membrane. The α subunits inhibit the inherent tyrosine kinase activity of the β subunits, but...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 19, 2026

Live Images of GLUT4 Protein Trafficking in Mouse Primary Hypothalamic Neurons Using Deconvolution Microscopy
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Complement 3 Receptor Expression in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes.

Judy Ly, Devin Morris, Minette Lagman

  • 1Microbiology/Immunology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, 309 E Second Street, Pomona, CA 91766-1854. United States.

Recent Patents on Anti-Infective Drug Discovery
|June 14, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) impairs macrophage function by reducing complement receptor 3b (C3R) production, increasing susceptibility to infections like tuberculosis. This study confirms lower C3R mRNA levels in T2DM patients.

Keywords:
Diabetescomplement receptorsglutathioneimmune responsestuberculosis

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Endocrinology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Diabetes mellitus affects 9% of adults globally, creating a pro-inflammatory state.
  • Uncontrolled diabetes elevates reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to oxidative stress and increased infection risk.
  • Individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) show heightened susceptibility to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the cause of diminished M. tb phagocytosis in T2DM patients.
  • To determine if reduced complement receptor 3b (C3R) production underlies impaired macrophage phagocytosis in T2DM.
  • To explore the impact of C3R reduction on IL-12 and IFN-γ signaling.

Main Methods:

  • Quantitative PCR (qPCR) was used to measure C3R mRNA transcription.
  • Gene expression analysis was performed on patients with T2DM and non-diabetic controls.
  • The study focused on the role of complement protein 3b (C3b)-complement protein receptor 3b (C3R) interactions in macrophage phagocytosis.

Main Results:

  • Decreased transcription of C3R mRNA was observed in patients with T2DM compared to non-diabetic individuals.
  • This reduction in C3R mRNA suggests lower C3R protein production in T2DM.
  • The findings support the hypothesis that reduced C3R is responsible for impaired phagocytosis and signaling.

Conclusions:

  • Reduced C3R production is a key factor in the impaired macrophage phagocytosis seen in T2DM.
  • This deficiency contributes to increased susceptibility to infections, such as tuberculosis, in diabetic patients.
  • Further research into C3R modulation could offer therapeutic strategies for T2DM-related complications.