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What is Gene Expression?01:42

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Introduction to the Gene Expression Analysis.

Ignacio San Segundo-Val1,2, Catalina S Sanz-Lozano3,4

  • 1Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital of Salamanca, Paseo de San Vicente 58, 37007, Salamanca, Spain. i.sansegundo.val@gmail.com.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|June 15, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Gene expression studies, crucial for understanding disease mechanisms, involve detecting and quantifying messenger RNA (mRNA). Modern techniques like RNAseq offer advanced transcriptome analysis for comprehensive gene expression profiling.

Keywords:
Gene expressionMicroarraysRNA sequencingTranscriptomeqPCR

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biomedical Research

Background:

  • The central dogma of molecular biology explains DNA's role in protein synthesis via RNA.
  • Gene expression studies are vital for elucidating disease mechanisms.
  • Gene expression encompasses the entire process from gene activation to functional protein localization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current techniques for detecting and quantifying messenger RNA (mRNA).
  • To highlight the evolution of RNA-based gene expression studies.
  • To discuss the advantages of modern methods over deprecated techniques.

Main Methods:

  • Historical methods include Northern Blot and in situ hybridization for mRNA detection.
  • Current widely used techniques for RNA quantification include quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR), expression microarrays, and RNA sequencing (RNAseq).
  • RNAseq enables comprehensive transcriptome analysis.

Main Results:

  • Evolution from Northern Blot and in situ hybridization to more informative techniques.
  • qPCR, microarrays, and RNAseq are the current standard for gene expression analysis.
  • Newer techniques provide more data than older, deprecated methods.

Conclusions:

  • Gene expression studies are indispensable in biomedical research for understanding disease.
  • Modern techniques like RNAseq offer superior transcriptome analysis capabilities.
  • The field has advanced significantly, moving towards more informative and comprehensive RNA quantification methods.