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Microbial Leaching01:27

Microbial Leaching

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Microbial leaching, also known as bioleaching, is an environmentally favorable method for extracting metals from low-grade ores using specific microorganisms. This biotechnological approach is particularly valuable for mining operations targeting copper, gold, and uranium, where traditional extraction methods may be economically or environmentally impractical.Copper Leaching and Microbial CatalysisIn copper bioleaching, crushed ore is arranged into heaps and irrigated with a dilute sulfuric...
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Gold Nanoparticle Synthesis
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[Production of Gold Nanoparticles by Biogenesis Using Bacteria].

M A Radtsig, O A Koksharova, V A Nadtochenko

    Mikrobiologiia
    |June 16, 2016
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    Diazotrophic cyanobacteria and Azotobacter species can produce gold nanoparticles (GNP) during nitrogen fixation. Non-nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria did not form GNP, indicating a link between nitrogen fixation and biogenesis.

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    Area of Science:

    • Microbiology
    • Nanotechnology
    • Biotechnology

    Context:

    • Diazotrophic microorganisms, including cyanobacteria and Azotobacter species, are known for their nitrogen-fixing capabilities.
    • Gold nanoparticles (GNP) have diverse applications in medicine, electronics, and catalysis.
    • Biogenic synthesis of nanoparticles offers a sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative to chemical methods.

    Purpose:

    • To investigate the potential of diazotrophic microorganisms to synthesize gold nanoparticles.
    • To determine the specific conditions and microbial types involved in GNP biogenesis.
    • To characterize the size and properties of biologically synthesized gold nanoparticles.

    Summary:

    • Diazotrophic cyanobacteria (Anabaena sp. PCC 7120, Nostoc strains) and Azotobacter species (A. vinelandii, A. chroococcum) were observed to produce gold nanoparticles (GNP) when supplied with gold salts (AuHCl₄) at concentrations of 0.1–1 mM.
    • GNP formation was exclusively observed in nitrogen-fixing microorganisms; unicellular cyanobacteria incapable of nitrogen fixation (Synechococcus sp. PCC 7942, Synechocystis) did not produce GNP under identical conditions.
    • The synthesized GNP exhibited a plasmon resonance band peak at 552 nm, indicative of spherical particles ranging from 10 to 30 nm in size. Trace amounts of GNP were also detected in the culture supernatants.

    Impact:

    • This study establishes a direct link between nitrogen fixation in microorganisms and the biogenesis of gold nanoparticles.
    • It highlights diazotrophic bacteria and cyanobacteria as novel biological agents for sustainable nanoparticle production.
    • The findings open avenues for exploring microbial-based nanomaterial synthesis for various technological applications.