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Forgetting is a complex cognitive phenomenon influenced by several factors, among which interference and decay are particularly prominent. These processes explain why individuals often struggle to retrieve specific information from memory, leading to lapses in recall that can be observed in everyday situations.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 19, 2026

Disrupting Reconsolidation of Fear Memory in Humans by a Noradrenergic β-Blocker
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Reward disrupts reactivated human skill memory.

Eran Dayan1, Rony Laor-Maayany2, Nitzan Censor2

  • 1National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.

Scientific Reports
|June 17, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Reinforcing reactivated skill memories with reward disrupts, rather than strengthens, memory traces. Reward may create competing memories, impairing original skill memory expression.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Memory Research

Background:

  • Memory reactivation renders existing memory traces modifiable.
  • The role of reward signals in human memory dynamics after reactivation is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of monetary reward reinforcement on reactivated skill memory traces.
  • To determine if reward strengthens or disrupts memory consolidation following reactivation.

Main Methods:

  • Skill memory traces were reactivated in human participants.
  • Monetary reward was administered following memory reactivation for a subset of participants.
  • Statistical modeling was used to analyze the relationship between memory encoding, reactivation, reinforcement, and subsequent memory strength.

Main Results:

  • Reinforcing reactivated memories with monetary reward led to memory disruption, not strengthening.
  • Memory reactivation mediated the link between encoding and strength only when no reward was involved.
  • Reward appeared to create a competing memory trace, impairing the original memory.

Conclusions:

  • Reward reinforcement following memory reactivation can impair skill memory expression.
  • This disruption may occur due to the formation of competing memory traces.
  • Findings offer insights into skill acquisition and have translational implications for memory-related disorders.