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Related Concept Videos

Types of Radioactivity03:23

Types of Radioactivity

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The most common types of radioactivity are α decay, β decay, γ decay, neutron emission, and electron capture.
Alpha (α) decay is the emission of an α particle from the nucleus. For example, polonium-210 undergoes α decay:
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Radioactivity and Nuclear Equations03:18

Radioactivity and Nuclear Equations

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Nuclear chemistry is the study of reactions that involve changes in nuclear structure. The nucleus of an atom is composed of protons and, except for hydrogen, neutrons. The number of protons in the nucleus is called the atomic number (Z) of the element, and the sum of the number of protons and the number of neutrons is the mass number (A). Atoms with the same atomic number but different mass numbers are isotopes of the same element.
A nuclide of an element has a specific number of protons and...
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Nuclear Transmutation03:20

Nuclear Transmutation

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Nuclear transmutation is the conversion of one nuclide into another. It can occur by the radioactive decay of a nucleus, or the reaction of a nucleus with another particle. The first manmade nucleus was produced in Ernest Rutherford’s laboratory in 1919 by a transmutation reaction, the bombardment of one type of nuclei with other nuclei or with neutrons. Rutherford bombarded nitrogen-14 atoms with high-speed α particles from a natural radioactive isotope of radium and observed...
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Nuclear Stability03:18

Nuclear Stability

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Protons and neutrons, collectively called nucleons, are packed together tightly in a nucleus. With a radius of about 10−15 meters, a nucleus is quite small compared to the radius of the entire atom, which is about 10−10 meters. Nuclei are extremely dense compared to bulk matter, averaging 1.8 × 1014 grams per cubic centimeter. If the earth’s density were equal to the average nuclear density, the earth’s radius would be only about 200 meters.
To hold positively charged protons together...
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Nuclear Fission02:50

Nuclear Fission

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Many heavier elements with smaller binding energies per nucleon can decompose into more stable elements that have intermediate mass numbers and larger binding energies per nucleon—that is, mass numbers and binding energies per nucleon that are closer to the “peak” of the binding energy graph near 56. Sometimes neutrons are also produced. This decomposition of a large nucleus into smaller pieces is called fission. The breaking is rather random with the formation of a large...
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Radioactive Decay and Radiometric Dating02:48

Radioactive Decay and Radiometric Dating

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Radioactivity is a spontaneous disintegration of an unstable nuclide and is a random process, as all the nuclei in the sample do not decay simultaneously. The number of disintegrations per unit time is called the activity (A), which is directly proportional to the number of nuclei in the sample. The decay constant (λ) is an average probability of decay per nucleus in unit time.
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Neutron Radiography and Computed Tomography of Biological Systems at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory's High Flux Isotope Reactor
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Radiative Corrections for Neutron Decay and Search for New Physics.

V Gudkov1, K Kubodera1, F Myhrer1

  • 1Department of Physics and Astronomy University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208.

Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology
|June 17, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New neutron decay experiments promise more precise Standard Model tests. Accurate evaluation of radiative corrections using effective field theory is crucial for discovering new physics and determining fundamental constants.

Keywords:
beta-decayneutronradiative correctionsstandard model

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Area of Science:

  • Nuclear Physics
  • Particle Physics
  • Standard Model Physics

Background:

  • Upcoming neutron decay experiments at the Spallation Neutron Source aim for unprecedented accuracy.
  • High-precision measurements necessitate a thorough understanding of theoretical corrections to neutron decay.
  • Deviations from the Standard Model may be revealed through precise fundamental constant determination.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the accuracy of radiative corrections in neutron decay.
  • To provide a framework for unambiguous new physics searches in neutron decay.
  • To enable precise determination of fundamental constants through improved theoretical calculations.

Main Methods:

  • Application of effective field theory (EFT) to neutron decay.
  • Estimation of the accuracy of radiative corrections within the EFT framework.
  • Theoretical analysis of neutron decay processes.

Main Results:

  • Presentation of new results based on effective field theory for neutron decay.
  • Discussion on the feasibility of estimating the accuracy of radiative corrections.
  • Establishment of a theoretical foundation for high-precision neutron decay studies.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate theoretical corrections are essential for leveraging the precision of new neutron decay experiments.
  • Effective field theory provides a powerful tool for analyzing neutron decay and its corrections.
  • Enhanced accuracy in neutron decay studies will lead to more stringent tests of the Standard Model and potential discoveries of new physics.