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Related Concept Videos

¹H NMR of Labile Protons: Deuterium (²H) Substitution00:48

¹H NMR of Labile Protons: Deuterium (²H) Substitution

1.5K
This lesson illustrates the role of deuterium substitution in simplifying the NMR spectrum of compounds comprising labile protons. One method employed is the use of deuterium. Amongst the three isotopes of hydrogen, deuterium (2H) has a nucleus composed of one proton and one neutron. When the D2O solvent is added to a pure dry ethanol solution, its labile proton is substituted with deuterium.
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Chemical Shift: Internal References and Solvent Effects01:17

Chemical Shift: Internal References and Solvent Effects

1.6K
In an NMR sample, precise measurement of the absolute absorption frequencies of nuclei is difficult. A standard internal reference compound is added, and the frequency difference between the reference signal and sample signals is measured.
The internal reference compound generally used in NMR spectroscopy is tetramethylsilane (TMS). TMS is preferred because it is chemically inert, soluble in NMR solvents, and easily removable. Also, the highly shielded methyl protons in TMS yield an intense...
1.6K
¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)01:20

¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)

1.8K
When proton-coupled carbon-13 spectra are simplified by a broadband proton decoupling technique, structural information about the coupled protons is lost. Distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer (DEPT) is a technique that provides information on the number of hydrogens attached to each carbon in a molecule. While the DEPT experiment utilizes complex pulse sequences, the pulse delay and flip angle are specifically manipulated. The resulting signals have different phases depending on...
1.8K
Diamagnetic Shielding of Nuclei: Local Diamagnetic Current01:14

Diamagnetic Shielding of Nuclei: Local Diamagnetic Current

1.6K
An applied magnetic field causes the electrons present in the molecule to circulate, setting up a local diamagnetic current within the molecule. The local diamagnetic current arising from circulating sigma-bonding electrons induces a magnetic field, Blocal that opposes the applied magnetic field, B0. The effective magnetic field experienced by these nuclei is given by the difference between the applied and local magnetic fields in a phenomenon called local diamagnetic shielding. Essentially,...
1.6K
Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance01:05

Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance

1.4K
The number of nuclear spins aligned in the lower energy state is slightly greater than those in the higher energy state. In the presence of an external magnetic field, as the spins precess at the Larmor frequency, the excess population results in a net magnetization oriented along the z axis. When a pulse or a short burst of radio waves at the Larmor frequency is applied along the x axis, the coupling of frequencies causes resonance and flips the nuclear spins of the excess population from the...
1.4K
Nuclear Overhauser Enhancement (NOE)01:06

Nuclear Overhauser Enhancement (NOE)

1.6K
Irradiation of a spin-active nucleus causes an increase or decrease in the signal intensity of neighboring nuclei that are not necessarily chemically bonded or involved in J-coupling. This phenomenon, called the nuclear Overhauser enhancement (NOE), results from through-space interactions between the nuclear spins. The NOE effect decreases with increasing internuclear distance and is generally not observed beyond 4 angstroms. In NOE, dipole-dipole interactions between neighboring spin-active...
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Neutron Crystallography Data Collection and Processing for Modelling Hydrogen Atoms in Protein Structures
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Investigation of Solid D 2 for UCN Sources.

F Atchison1, K Bodek2, B van den Brandt1

  • 1Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland.

Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology
|June 17, 2016
PubMed
Summary

This study investigates ultra-cold neutrons (UCN) scattering in solid deuterium (sD2), crucial for UCN source yield. First measurements reveal the impact of sD2 crystal properties on neutron interactions.

Keywords:
Raman spectroscopycatalysercold neutron beamcryogenic converterortho-deuteriumortho-para conversionscattering cross sectionssingle crystalsolid deuteriumultracold neutrons

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Quantification of Hydrogen Concentrations in Surface and Interface Layers and Bulk Materials through Depth Profiling with Nuclear Reaction Analysis
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Studying Soft-matter and Biological Systems over a Wide Length-scale from Nanometer and Micrometer Sizes at the Small-angle Neutron Diffractometer KWS-2
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Studying Soft-matter and Biological Systems over a Wide Length-scale from Nanometer and Micrometer Sizes at the Small-angle Neutron Diffractometer KWS-2
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Area of Science:

  • Nuclear physics
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Solid deuterium (sD2) is a key material for next-generation ultra-cold neutron (UCN) sources.
  • UCN scattering cross sections in sD2 are critical for determining UCN source yield but remain uncharacterized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report the first experimental results on UCN interactions with sD2.
  • To investigate the influence of sD2 crystal properties on UCN scattering and transmission.

Main Methods:

  • Transmission and scattering experiments using cold, very cold, and ultra-cold neutrons.
  • Optical studies including light transmission and Raman scattering to characterize sD2 crystal properties.

Main Results:

  • Presents initial data on UCN scattering cross sections in sD2.
  • Demonstrates a correlation between sD2 crystal properties and neutron interaction behavior.

Conclusions:

  • The findings provide essential data for optimizing UCN source design.
  • Understanding sD2 properties is vital for enhancing UCN production efficiency.