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FSGS: Diagnosis and Diagnostic Work-Up.

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Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a kidney disease causing nephrotic syndrome. This review covers FSGS clinical presentation and diagnosis, highlighting its rising incidence and podocyte involvement.

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a leading cause of nephrotic syndrome globally.
  • It is the primary glomerular disease leading to end-stage renal disease in the US, with increasing incidence.
  • The podocyte is identified as the key cellular target in FSGS pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical presentation of FSGS.
  • To discuss diagnostic approaches for FSGS.
  • To highlight recent advancements in understanding FSGS.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of clinical studies and research on FSGS.
  • Analysis of epidemiological data on FSGS incidence.
  • Synthesis of current knowledge on FSGS pathogenesis and genetics.

Main Results:

  • FSGS presents as a common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults and children.
  • The incidence of FSGS is estimated at 7 per million, with a potential upward trend.
  • Insights into FSGS pathogenesis, genetics, and potential biomarkers have recently emerged.

Conclusions:

  • FSGS is a significant histologic lesion with major clinical implications.
  • Understanding the clinical presentation and diagnosis is crucial for managing FSGS.
  • Ongoing research into biomarkers and pathogenesis offers hope for improved diagnostics and treatment.