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Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

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Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
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For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is...
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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
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Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
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Chronic stress has been linked to both the onset and progression of serious health conditions, including Type 2 diabetes and cancer. Type 2 diabetes, a widespread chronic illness, is closely associated with obesity and insulin resistance, both of which often worsen under stress. Studies indicate that men experiencing high levels of chronic stress face a 45% higher risk of developing diabetes compared to those with minimal stress. Stress triggers physiological responses that elevate blood...
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Early Cognitive Deficits in Type 2 Diabetes: A Population-Based Study.

Anna Marseglia1, Laura Fratiglioni1,2, Erika J Laukka1

  • 1Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.

Journal of Alzheimer'S Disease : JAD
|June 18, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Type 2 diabetes, particularly uncontrolled, impairs cognitive functions like perceptual speed and attention. These effects are linked to vascular risk factors and are more pronounced in non-carriers of the APOEɛ4 gene.

Keywords:
Apolipoprotein E4cognitiontype 2 diabetes mellitusvascular disorders

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Endocrinology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Type 2 diabetes is a known risk factor for dementia.
  • Early cognitive deficits in diabetes and their contributing factors require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify initial cognitive impairments in individuals with diabetes.
  • To explore factors influencing these early cognitive changes.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of data from the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care-Kungsholmen.
  • Assessment of cognitive domains including attention, memory, and fluency in 2305 cognitively intact older adults.
  • Evaluation of diabetes status, vascular disorders, and vascular risk factors.

Main Results:

  • Diabetes, especially uncontrolled, was associated with lower performance in perceptual speed, category fluency, and attention/primary memory.
  • These associations were significant in APOEɛ4 non-carriers.
  • The link between diabetes and cognitive function was more evident in individuals with vascular risk factors or disorders.

Conclusions:

  • Uncontrolled type 2 diabetes negatively impacts specific cognitive functions in older adults.
  • Vascular factors and genetic predisposition (APOEɛ4 status) modify the relationship between diabetes and cognitive decline.