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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 19, 2026

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DNA Methylation: a New Player in Multiple Sclerosis.

Xiang Li1,2, Bing Xiao1,3, Xing-Shu Chen4

  • 1Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Third Military Medical University, No. 30 Gaotanyan Street, Chongqing, 400038, China.

Molecular Neurobiology
|June 18, 2016
PubMed
Summary

DNA methylation, an epigenetic factor, plays a key role in multiple sclerosis (MS) pathogenesis by altering gene expression. Aberrant DNA methylation patterns in immune cells and CNS tissues contribute to MS pathology, offering potential therapeutic targets.

Keywords:
DNA methylationEpigeneticsMultiple sclerosis

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Epigenetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic CNS inflammatory disease involving demyelination and axonal damage.
  • Immune cells (T cells, B cells) and cytokines are implicated in MS pathogenesis.
  • The precise mechanisms driving MS remain incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of DNA methylation in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis.
  • To highlight specific epigenetic alterations in immune cells and CNS tissues relevant to MS.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on studies investigating DNA methylation in MS.
  • Analysis of DNA methylation patterns in various immune cell subsets (CD4+, CD8+, CD44+ T cells) and CNS tissues.
  • Examination of gene expression changes associated with observed methylation alterations.

Main Results:

  • Hypermethylation of HLA-DRB1 in CD4+ T cells and SHP-1 in PBMCs.
  • Genome-wide DNA methylation changes observed in CD8+ T cells.
  • Altered methylation of genes regulating T cell function (IL-4, Foxp3, IFN-γ, IL-17a) in CD44+ T cells.
  • Methylation changes affecting oligodendrocyte and neuronal function in normal-appearing white matter.

Conclusions:

  • Aberrant DNA methylation is a significant factor in MS pathogenesis.
  • Specific methylation patterns in immune cells and CNS tissues correlate with MS.
  • Understanding these epigenetic mechanisms may reveal novel therapeutic targets for MS treatment.