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Related Concept Videos

Relative Risk01:12

Relative Risk

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Relative risk (RR) is a statistical measure commonly used in epidemiology to compare the likelihood of a particular event occurring between two groups. This metric is important for evaluating the relationship between exposure to a specific risk factor and the probability of a particular outcome. It plays a crucial role in medical research, public health studies, and risk assessment. Relative risk quantifies how much more (or less) likely an event is to occur in an exposed group compared to an...
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Relative Velocity in One Dimension01:10

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The understanding of the concept of reference frames is essential to discuss relative motion in one or more dimensions. When we say that an object has a certain velocity, we must state the velocity with respect to a given reference frame. In most examples, this reference frame has been Earth. For instance, if a statement reads that a person is sitting in a train moving at 10 m/s east, then it implies that the person on the train is moving relative to the surface of Earth at this velocity,...
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Relative Frequency Histogram01:14

Relative Frequency Histogram

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The relative frequency depicts the proportion of data points that have each value. The frequency tells the number of data points that have each value. Like the histogram, a relative frequency histogram also has the same shape with a horizontal scale (the x-axis), but the vertical scale (the y-axis) is marked with relative frequencies (percentages of the whole) instead of actual frequencies. A relative frequency histogram is a graphical representation of a frequency distribution where the...
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Relative Velocity in Two Dimensions01:11

Relative Velocity in Two Dimensions

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Relative velocity is the velocity of an object as observed from a particular reference frame, or the velocity of one reference frame with respect to another reference frame. The concept of relative velocity can be used to describe motion in two dimensions. Consider a particle P and two reference frames S and S′. The position of the origin of S′ as measured in S is , the position of P as measured in S′ is , and the position of P as measured in S is , which can be evaluated by utilizing...
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Relative Frequency Distribution00:55

Relative Frequency Distribution

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A relative frequency distribution is the proportion or fraction of times a value occurs in a data set. To find the relative frequencies, one can divide each frequency by the total number of data points in the sample. It is very similar to a regular frequency distribution, except that instead of reporting how many data values fall in a class, a relative frequency distribution reports the fraction of data values that fall in a class. These fractions or proportions are called relative frequencies...
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Relative Stabilities of Alkenes01:59

Relative Stabilities of Alkenes

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The relative stability of alkenes can be determined by comparing their heats of hydrogenation. The lower heat of hydrogenation indicates the more stable alkene.  The three main factors determining the relative stability of alkenes are i) the number of substituents attached to the double-bond carbon atoms, ii) hyperconjugation, and iii) the stereochemistry of the double bond.
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Tests of General Relativity with GW150914.

B P Abbott1, R Abbott1, T D Abbott2

  • 1LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|June 18, 2016
PubMed
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The first detection of gravitational waves (GW150914) confirmed binary black hole mergers in Einstein

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Area of Science:

  • Astrophysics
  • General Relativity
  • Gravitational Wave Astronomy

Background:

  • The detection of gravitational waves (GWs) by LIGO offers a novel window into extreme astrophysical events.
  • Studying compact-object binaries in the highly relativistic regime tests fundamental physics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To verify if the GW150914 signal aligns with predictions of binary black hole mergers in general relativity.
  • To constrain theories of gravity and search for deviations from Einstein's theory.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of inspiral, merger, and post-inspiral phases of the GW150914 signal.
  • Comparison of observed data with general relativity waveform models.
  • Parametrized tests for violations of general relativity and constraints on post-Newtonian coefficients.

Main Results:

  • The remnant black hole's mass and spin are consistent with general relativity predictions.
  • Post-peak signal data match the least-damped quasinormal mode of the remnant black hole.
  • Empirical bounds were established for high-order post-Newtonian coefficients, constraining the graviton Compton wavelength to >10^13 km.

Conclusions:

  • No evidence for violations of general relativity was found in the strong-field regime.
  • GW150914 provides strong support for Einstein's theory of gravity in the dynamic merger phase.