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Related Concept Videos

Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula01:10

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The tibia is the main weight-bearing bone of the lower leg. It is larger than the fibula with which it is paired. The tibia is also the second longest bone in the body and is located right below the skin. The proximal end of the tibia forms the medial and the lateral condyle, which articulates with the condyles of the femur to form the knee joint. Between the articulating surfaces is the irregular elevated area known as the intercondylar eminence that serves as the inferior attachment point for...
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The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the...
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The human leg comprises an intricate system of muscles that facilitate the movement of feet and toes. Within this system, the muscles are categorized into the anterior, lateral, and posterior compartments, each with a unique set of muscles carrying out specific functions.
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The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
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The movement of the legs is facilitated by numerous muscles located within the anterior, medial, and posterior compartments of the thigh.
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The external iliac artery transitions out of the body cavity, entering the femoral region of the lower leg, and is renamed the femoral artery at the point where it traverses the body wall. This artery is responsible for the distribution of blood to the thigh's deep muscles and the skin's ventral and lateral regions, achieved through several minor branches and the lateral deep femoral artery, which also spawns a lateral circumflex artery. The knee area receives blood from the genicular...
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Updated: Mar 19, 2026

Diagnosis of Musculus Gastrocnemius Tightness - Key Factors for the Clinical Examination
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Partial weight bearing of the tibia.

Bergita Ganse1, Peng-Fei Yang2, Jenny Gardlo3

  • 1Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany; Department of Orthopedic Trauma Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.

Injury
|June 19, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Ground reaction forces (GRF) indicate tibia deformation during partial weight bearing. Patients struggle to control GRF, and rear-foot loading is preferred over forefoot loading to reduce tibia deformation.

Keywords:
FractureLower legMotion capturingOrthopaedic surgeryPartial weight bearingPhysiotherapyTibiaTraumatologyUnloading

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Biomechanics
  • Traumatology

Background:

  • Partial weight bearing is a common treatment in orthopedic surgery and traumatology.
  • Understanding the relationship between applied forces and bone deformation is crucial for patient recovery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the correlation between ground reaction forces (GRF) and tibia deformation during partial weight bearing.
  • To assess how different loading instructions and foot placement affect these parameters.

Main Methods:

  • Five healthy males underwent tibia deformation measurements (torsion, bending) using optical motion capture.
  • Measurements were taken during various loading conditions: rear foot vs. forefoot loading, and 10kg, 20kg, and half body weight instructions compared to full loading.

Main Results:

  • Ground reaction force was a reliable indicator of tibia deformation.
  • Subjects under-loaded during half-body weight instructions and overloaded with forefoot loading.
  • Partial loading significantly reduced peak GRF and tibia deformation, though with considerable variation.
  • Forefoot loading showed moderate increases in GRF and tibia deformation compared to rear-foot loading.

Conclusions:

  • GRF accurately reflects loading-induced tibia deformation.
  • Patients find it difficult to precisely control GRF during partial weight bearing.
  • Forefoot loading did not result in greater tibia deformation than expected.
  • Rear-foot loading is recommended over forefoot loading to minimize tibia deformation.