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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Psychophysiology

Background:

  • Adolescence is a critical period for self-regulatory development.
  • Interoceptive sensitivity plays a key role in self-regulation.
  • The neural basis of interoceptive regulation during adolescence is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the neural mechanisms of interoceptive regulation in adolescent females.
  • To examine the role of the insula in interoceptive regulation during adolescence.
  • To explore how gut biofeedback influences neural activity related to interoception.

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and psychophysiology were used.
  • Participants regulated gut activity using deep breathing with or without electrogastrogram (EGG) biofeedback.
  • Analysis focused on activation patterns within the insula sub-regions.

Main Results:

  • Posterior insula activation increased when biofeedback was absent, suggesting greater reliance on internal cues.
  • Dorsal anterior insula activation correlated with age and EGG changes, indicating developmental progression.
  • Ventral anterior insula activation showed a non-linear age association, peaking in mid-adolescence.

Conclusions:

  • Distinct sub-regions of the insula exhibit unique developmental trajectories during adolescence.
  • These findings contribute to understanding the neurobiology of self-regulation and interoception in female adolescents.
  • Results have implications for competing neurobiological theories of adolescent development.