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ASSOCIATION OF MATERNAL PERIODONTITIS WITH LOW BIRTH WEIGHT IN NEWBORNS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

Najia Sajjad Khan, Rifat Nisar Ashraf, Shehla Noor

    Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC
    |June 22, 2016
    PubMed

    Insights

    Maternal periodontitis significantly increases the risk of low birth weight in newborns. Periodontal therapy is recommended as part of antenatal care to mitigate this risk.

    Area of Science:

    • Public Health
    • Periodontology
    • Obstetrics

    Background:

    • Low birth weight (LBW) is a significant public health concern in Pakistan.
    • Identifying modifiable risk factors like periodontitis is crucial for reducing the burden of LBW.
    • This study investigated the association between maternal periodontitis and LBW in Abbottabad.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To determine the association between maternal periodontitis and low birth weight in newborns.
    • To assess the frequency and severity of periodontitis in mothers delivering LBW babies.
    • To identify periodontitis as a potential modifiable risk factor for LBW.

    Main Methods:

    • A hospital-based matched case-control study was conducted with 160 postpartum mothers.
    • 80 mothers of LBW babies (cases) were matched with 80 mothers of normal birth weight babies (controls) by age and gestational age.
    • Data collection involved hospital records, interviews, and periodontal examinations.

    Main Results:

    • Periodontitis was significantly more prevalent in mothers of LBW babies (OR: 4.167).
    • Multivariate analysis confirmed periodontitis as an independent risk factor for LBW (aOR: 3.173).
    • Other independent risk factors included lower educational level, socioeconomic status, poor maternal nutrition, and moderate/severe anemia.

    Conclusions:

    • Maternal periodontitis is a strong, independent, and clinically significant risk factor for low birth weight.
    • Periodontal therapy should be integrated into antenatal care protocols for pregnant women.
    • Addressing periodontitis may help reduce the incidence of LBW in the region.
    Abstract

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