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Updated: Mar 19, 2026

Model Surgical Training: Skills Acquisition in Fetoscopic Laser Photocoagulation of Monochorionic Diamniotic Twin Placenta Using Realistic Simulators
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Twinning and major birth defects, National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 1997-2007.

April L Dawson1, Sarah C Tinker1, Denise J Jamieson2

  • 1National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health
|June 22, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Twins have a higher risk of birth defects compared to singletons. This risk may differ based on whether fertility treatments were used during conception.

Keywords:
BIRTH DEFECTSFERTILITYTWINS/GENETICS

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Health
  • Pediatric Health
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Previous studies on twinning and birth defects have yielded inconsistent results.
  • Many studies did not account for potential confounders like fertility treatment use.
  • The National Birth Defects Prevention Study (NBDPS) aimed to address these limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the association between twinning and major birth defects.
  • To investigate the influence of fertility treatment on this association.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the population-based, case-control NBDPS (1997-2007).
  • Included mothers of twin/singleton controls and cases with major birth defects.
  • Employed multivariable logistic regression, stratified by fertility treatment, and simulation for zygosity estimation.

Main Results:

  • Twinning was significantly associated with 29 of 45 defect groups in unassisted conceptions.
  • Fertility treatment use showed significant associations with 5 of 25 defect groups.
  • Specific defects like ventricular septal defects, cloacal exstrophy, hypoplastic left heart syndrome, and omphalocele showed notable associations.

Conclusions:

  • Twins exhibit a significantly higher prevalence of various birth defects compared to singletons.
  • The risk of birth defects in twins appears to be influenced by the use of fertility treatments.