Multiscale simulations of protein-facilitated membrane remodeling

Protein-facilitated shape and topology changes of cell membranes are crucial for many biological processes, such as cell division, protein trafficking, and cell signaling. However, the inherently multiscale nature of membrane remodeling presents a considerable challenge for understanding the mechanisms and physics that drive this process. To address this problem, a multiscale approach that makes use of a diverse set of computational and experimental techniques is required. The atomistic simulations provide high-resolution information on protein-membrane interactions. Experimental techniques, like electron microscopy, on the other hand, resolve high-order organization of proteins on the membrane. Coarse-grained (CG) and mesoscale computational techniques provide the intermediate link between the two scales and can give new insights into the underlying mechanisms. In this Review, we present the recent advances in multiscale computational approaches established in our group. We discuss various CG and mesoscale approaches in studying the protein-mediated large-scale membrane remodeling.