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Whole-eye electrical stimulation therapy preserves visual function and structure in P23H-1 rats.

Adam M Hanif1, Moon K Kim1, Joel G Thomas2

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA.

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Summary

Whole-eye electrical stimulation (WES) improved visual function and preserved retinal ganglion cells in a rat model of retinitis pigmentosa. This neuroprotective therapy shows promise for treating retinal degeneration by enhancing inner retinal function.

Keywords:
Electrical stimulation therapyNeuroprotectionRetinal degenerationRetinitis pigmentosa

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Neuroscience
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Retinal degeneration, such as retinitis pigmentosa, leads to progressive vision loss.
  • Low-level electrical stimulation has shown neuroprotective effects in retinal degeneration models.
  • Whole-eye electrical stimulation (WES) is an emerging approach to deliver electrical therapy to the entire eye.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the efficacy of WES in a P23H-1 rhodopsin mutation rat model of retinitis pigmentosa.
  • To assess the impact of WES on retinal and visual functions over time.
  • To examine the molecular changes in the retina following WES treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Transgenic rats with P23H-1 mutation were subjected to twice-weekly WES (4 microA at 5 Hz) or sham stimulation from 4 to 24 weeks of age.
  • Visual function was assessed using optokinetic tracking, and retinal function evaluated by electroretinography (ERG).
  • Histological analysis and real-time PCR for growth factors, inflammatory, and apoptotic markers were performed.

Main Results:

  • WES-treated rats showed significantly higher spatial frequency thresholds, indicating improved visual acuity.
  • ERG oscillatory potentials (OPs) demonstrated improved inner retinal function at 8 and 12 weeks post-WES.
  • WES treatment led to a greater number of retinal ganglion cell nuclei and increased expression of BDNF, FGF2, and GS post-stimulation.

Conclusions:

  • WES demonstrates significant benefits for visual function and retinal cell preservation in a rodent model of retinitis pigmentosa.
  • The findings suggest that WES is a promising neuroprotective therapy for retinal degeneration.
  • Post-receptoral neurons, particularly retinal ganglion cells, appear responsive to WES therapy.