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Circadian rhythms regulate refractive development across species.

Teele Palumaa1,2,3, Nele Taba1, Shruti Balamurugan2

  • 1Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Late chronotype is linked to myopia. Disrupting circadian rhythms in mice caused reversible myopia, suggesting circadian misalignment as a modifiable cause of abnormal eye growth.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Chronobiology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Myopia is a growing global health issue with unclear biological links to modern lifestyles.
  • Circadian rhythms are suspected to influence refractive development, but direct causal evidence is lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the causal link between circadian misalignment and myopia development.
  • To explore the biological mechanisms underlying this connection using human data and an animal model.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of population-scale data from >265,000 individuals in the Estonian and UK Biobanks.
  • Experimental disruption of circadian rhythms in mice using non-24-hour light-dark cycles (T26).
  • Retinal transcriptomic analysis to identify molecular pathways involved.

Main Results:

  • A consistent association between late chronotype and myopia was observed in human populations.
  • Exposure to a lengthened light-dark cycle (T26) induced a myopic shift in mice, which was reversible in early adulthood.
  • Retinal transcriptomics revealed enrichment of mitochondrial and hypoxia-related plasticity pathways.

Conclusions:

  • Circadian misalignment is identified as a conserved and modifiable driver of myopia.
  • These findings suggest novel preventive and therapeutic strategies targeting circadian rhythms for myopia control.