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Implant Complications After Magnetically Controlled Growing Rods for Early Onset Scoliosis: A Multicenter
Edmund Choi1, Burt Yaszay, Gregory Mundis
1*Department of Orthopedics, San Diego Spine Foundation †Department of Orthopedics, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA ‡Department of Orthopedics, Florence Nightingale Hospital, İstanbul §Department of Orthopedics, Dokuz Eylul University, Mimarsinan Konak Izmir ¶Department of Orthopedics, Hacettepe University Hospital §§Department of Orthopedics, Ankara Gazi University Hospital, Gazi Üniversitesi Rektörlüğü, Ankara, Turkey ∥Department of Orthopedics, The Duchess of Kent Children's Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong #Department of Orthopedics, Starship Children's Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand **Department of Orthopedics, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna ‡‡Department of Orthopedics, Bambino Gesu Ospedale Pediatrico, Fiumicino, Province of Rome, Italy ††Department of Orthopedics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
Magnetically controlled growing rods (MCGR) show a lower infection rate in early onset scoliosis patients compared to traditional growing rods. However, MCGR does not prevent common implant complications like rod failure, with long-term outcomes still unknown.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Orthopedics
- Spinal Surgery
- Biomedical Engineering
Background:
- Traditional growing rods have high complication rates (up to 58%) including wound and implant issues.
- The impact of magnetically controlled growing rods (MCGR) on these complication rates is not well-established.
- Early onset scoliosis (EOS) necessitates spinal growth preservation techniques.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the incidence and types of surgical complications associated with magnetically controlled growing rods (MCGR) in patients with early onset scoliosis.
- To compare complication rates between MCGR and traditional growing rod systems.
Main Methods:
- Multicenter retrospective review of 54 patients with early onset scoliosis treated with MCGR.
- Inclusion criteria: age ≤10 years, major curve >30°, thoracic height <22 cm.
- Complications were categorized as wound or instrumentation-related, and early (<6 months) or late (>6 months).
Main Results:
- Overall complication rate was 38.8% (21/54 patients), with 27.8% (15/54) requiring revision surgery.
- Implant-related complications included rod breakage (11.1%) and fixation issues (13.0%).
- Infection rate was 3.7% (2/54), significantly lower than traditional growing rods (11.1%).
Conclusions:
- Magnetically controlled growing rods (MCGR) demonstrate a reduced infection rate in early onset scoliosis compared to traditional growing rods.
- MCGR do not eliminate common implant-related complications, such as rod or foundation failure.
- Further research is needed to determine the long-term efficacy and safety of MCGR.
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