The Hallucal-Sesamoid Complex: Normal Anatomy, Imaging, and Pathology

Area of Science:

• Orthopedic Surgery
• Sports Medicine
• Podiatry

Background:

• The first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint and hallucal-sesamoid complex are crucial for weightbearing and athletic performance.
• This anatomical region is susceptible to a variety of common and complex pathologies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive review of the first MTP joint and hallucal-sesamoid complex.
• To clarify terminology for common conditions like turf toe and sesamoiditis.
• To summarize current diagnostic and management strategies.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of anatomical, pathological, and clinical studies.
• Synthesis of information on imaging modalities (X-ray, MRI, CT).
• Discussion of conservative and surgical treatment options.

Main Results:

• Detailed anatomical description of the first MTP joint and sesamoid complex.
• Explanation of various pathologies including turf toe, sesamoiditis, arthritis, infection, and avascular necrosis.
• Overview of the utility of different imaging techniques in diagnosing these conditions.

Conclusions:

• Accurate diagnosis and management of first MTP joint pathologies require understanding its complex anatomy and common conditions.
• Appropriate use of imaging modalities aids in diagnosis.
• A multidisciplinary approach is often necessary for optimal patient outcomes.