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Role of Proteins in the Human Body01:28

Role of Proteins in the Human Body

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Proteins are the building block of life. They are also  the most abundant macromolecules with as many diverse roles in the body. They are part of many structural components that provide unique shapes and structures to animal cells, tissues, and organs. In addition, they also act as biological catalysts and carry out several anabolic and catabolic reactions. Notably, some proteins are chemical messengers and regulate many critical processes, such as metabolism, growth, and development. They...
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Antimicrobial Proteins

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Antimicrobial proteins are important components of the immune system. They aid the body in combating pathogens by either killing them directly or hindering their replication processes. Four main types of antimicrobial substances are interferons, the complement system, iron-binding proteins, and antimicrobial proteins.
Interferons
Interferons (IFNs) are proteins produced by lymphocytes, macrophages, and fibroblasts infected with viruses. While IFNs cannot prevent viruses from entering and...
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What are Proteins?01:28

What are Proteins?

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Proteins are polymers of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds. Proteins and polypeptides are interchangeably used to refer to long chains of amino acids. However, polypeptides have a molecular weight of fewer than 10,000 daltons, while proteins have greater molecular weight.  Polypeptides with less than 20 amino acids are called oligopeptides or simply peptides. Interactions among the constituent amino acid side chains of proteins help them fold into a stable 3-dimensional...
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What are Proteins?01:55

What are Proteins?

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What are Proteins?01:28

What are Proteins?

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What are Proteins?01:55

What are Proteins?

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 19, 2026

Individualized Reconstitution of Human Milk Microbiota: A Feasible Approach in Real-World Settings
04:16

Individualized Reconstitution of Human Milk Microbiota: A Feasible Approach in Real-World Settings

Published on: February 7, 2025

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Human Milk: Bioactive Proteins/Peptides and Functional Properties.

Bo Lönnerdal

    Nestle Nutrition Institute Workshop Series
    |June 24, 2016
    PubMed
    Summary

    Breast milk proteins offer significant infant health benefits, including reduced illness and enhanced cognitive development. These bioactive components also contribute to long-term health, lowering risks of obesity and cardiovascular disease.

    Area of Science:

    • Human physiology
    • Pediatrics
    • Nutritional science

    Background:

    • Breastfeeding provides numerous short- and long-term health advantages for infants.
    • These benefits include improved cognitive development and reduced illness in infancy.
    • Long-term advantages encompass a lower risk of obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease later in life.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To explore the role of bioactive proteins and peptides in breast milk.
    • To understand how these components influence infant health outcomes.
    • To identify specific breast milk proteins and their functions in the gastrointestinal tract.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of breast milk composition, focusing on protein and peptide content.
    • Investigation of protein digestion and absorption in the infant gastrointestinal tract.

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  • Correlation of specific milk protein functions with observed infant health benefits.

    • Main Results:

    • Certain breast milk proteins (e.g., lactoferrin, lysozyme, secretory IgA) resist digestion and offer protection against infection and immune support.
    • Other proteins (e.g., α-lactalbumin, β-casein, κ-casein, osteopontin) are partially digested, yielding peptides that enhance immune function, nutrient absorption, and infection defense.
    • These bioactive components play a crucial role in mediating the health benefits associated with breastfeeding.

    Conclusions:

    • Bioactive proteins and peptides in breast milk are key mediators of infant health benefits.
    • Resistant proteins provide direct protection and immune support.
    • Partially digested proteins and their peptides modulate gut functions, contributing to overall infant well-being and long-term health.