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Enhanced optical gradient forces between coupled graphene sheets.

Xinbiao Xu1, Lei Shi1, Yang Liu1

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|June 25, 2016
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Summary
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Researchers investigated optical forces in graphene nanoribbons, achieving record forces by balancing propagation loss through chemical potential tuning. This enables enhanced optical forces for compact devices like phase shifters.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • Optoelectronics
  • Nanophotonics

Background:

  • Graphene surface plasmons (GSPs) offer strong light-field confinement in the mid-infrared spectrum.
  • Optical gradient forces are crucial for optomechanical applications but often limited by material losses.
  • Existing metallic surface plasmon (MSP) waveguides face trade-offs between force enhancement and propagation loss.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To theoretically investigate optical gradient forces in graphene nanoribbon waveguides.
  • To explore the balance between optical force and propagation loss by tuning graphene's chemical potential.
  • To propose novel graphene-based optoelectronic devices leveraging enhanced optical forces.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical modeling of optical gradient forces between infinite-width graphene sheets and graphene nanoribbon pairs.
  • Analysis of graphene surface plasmons (GSPs) at mid-infrared frequencies.
  • Simulation of normalized optical force (fn) and propagation loss as functions of graphene chemical potential.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a record normalized optical force (fn) of 50 nN/μm/mW due to strongly enhanced optical fields.
  • Demonstrated that adjusting graphene's chemical potential balances optical force and propagation loss.
  • Showcased optical forces over an order of magnitude greater than MSPs with lower loss.
  • Observed significant effective refractive index (neff) tuning via chemical potential variation.

Conclusions:

  • Graphene nanoribbon waveguides provide a promising platform for strong optical gradient forces in the mid-infrared.
  • Chemical potential tuning offers an effective method to optimize the performance of graphene-based plasmonic devices.
  • The enhanced optical forces and tunability enable the development of ultra-compact optoelectronic components, such as phase shifters.