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Exploring the many-body localization transition in two dimensions.

Jae-yoon Choi1, Sebastian Hild2, Johannes Zeiher2

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Researchers observed a many-body localization transition in bosons within a disordered optical lattice. This finding challenges the thermalization assumption in quantum many-body systems and reveals a diverging length scale at the transition.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum physics
  • Statistical mechanics
  • Condensed matter physics

Background:

  • A core principle in statistical physics is that quantum many-body systems naturally reach thermal equilibrium.
  • The discovery of many-body localization (MBL) has raised questions about this fundamental assumption.
  • MBL suggests that certain quantum systems may not thermalize due to strong disorder and interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally investigate the transition between thermal and localized phases in a quantum many-body system.
  • To explore the phenomenon of many-body localization in a two-dimensional disordered optical lattice.
  • To characterize the dynamics and critical behavior near the many-body localization transition.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a two-dimensional disordered optical lattice to host bosonic quantum particles.
  • Preparing an initial out-of-equilibrium density pattern in the system.
  • Employing single-site-resolved measurements to track the system's relaxation dynamics over time.

Main Results:

  • Observed a clear transition between thermal and localized phases for bosons.
  • Provided evidence for a diverging length scale as the system approaches the localization transition.
  • Demonstrated many-body localization in a regime beyond the capabilities of current classical simulations.

Conclusions:

  • The experimental results confirm the existence of a many-body localization transition in this bosonic system.
  • The findings challenge the universality of thermalization in closed quantum many-body systems.
  • This work opens new avenues for studying quantum localization phenomena in complex interacting systems.