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Area of Science:

  • Astrophysics
  • Gravitational Wave Astronomy
  • Space Science

Background:

  • Space-based gravitational wave observatories require extremely precise measurements of free-falling test masses.
  • The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) mission aims to detect low-frequency gravitational waves.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report the first in-flight experimental results from LISA Pathfinder.
  • To demonstrate the capability of achieving ultra-low acceleration noise for free-falling test masses.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the LISA Pathfinder spacecraft to isolate two reference test masses.
  • Measured the relative acceleration noise between the test masses using interferometry.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a relative acceleration noise spectral density of 5.2±0.1 fm s⁻²/sqrt[Hz] between 0.7 and 20 mHz, exceeding LISA Pathfinder requirements by over a factor of 5.
  • Demonstrated acceleration noise compatible with Brownian noise from residual gas damping.
  • Observed interferometer displacement readout noise below (34.8±0.3) fm/sqrt[Hz] above 60 mHz, significantly better than requirements.
  • Measured a low-frequency tail below 12 fm s⁻²/sqrt[Hz] down to 0.1 mHz.

Conclusions:

  • LISA Pathfinder's performance validates the technology needed for future space-based gravitational wave observatories.
  • The achieved low acceleration noise is critical for the sensitivity of missions like LISA.
  • The results indicate that a sensitivity close to the original LISA mission goals is achievable.